Continuing Academic Success Essay - 1502 Words

Continuing Academic Success Francheska Masoller GEN/201 Foundations for University Success July-28, 2014 Ann Zomerfeld Continuing Academic Success It is a big step for someone who has been out of school for so long, to have the courage to begin the journey of higher education. Personally, it took me several years of contemplating if going back to school was the right move for me. I postponed it until I realized this was the only way I could provide my family with the life I’ve always dreamed of. I’ve came to realize that even though this will be a very challenging 4 years of my life, I will persevere as long as I keep my eyes on the price and stay motivated. There are many components to ensure success in my educational†¦show more content†¦Having a strong set of ethics prepares you with the tools you need to be a critical thinker and make proper decisions. Being aware of how you learn best is important as you want to use your time effectively and use platforms in which you know you will retain the information better. It is important to be able to reflect on our life and find ways of fixing what is not wor king effective. Learning is not just academic but also personal. Critical thinking is one of the main objectives in higher education. A critical thinker analyzes all options and makes an argument based on facts. To be a critical thinker you have to be able to look at different points of view openly and explore them as possibilities. You also have to able to think logically and analyze the information and find evidence to back it up. When all information is collected and analyzed, a critical thinker could create an argument with confidence. To become a better critical thinker I will work on mastering Benjamin Bloom’s taxonomy of learning which states that for maximize learning we need to master this 6 levels of thinking: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. When I’m studying and going through course work I will keep this 3 levels in mind and will practice each level. The goal is to think all the way to level 6 which is creating an idea from the information learned. Mastering criticalShow MoreRela tedContinuing Academic Success1112 Words   |  5 Pages Continuing Academic Success Continuing Academic Success is extremely important to those who plan to make advancements in their chosen career fields. It provides the opportunity to keep current with ideas, techniques, and advancements that are being made in their area of employment. We will address the importance of setting achievable goals, the importance of learning styles in academic success and the validity of ethics and academic integrity in helping to achieve continuing academic and professionalRead MoreContinuing Academic Success1359 Words   |  6 PagesContinuing Academic Success Name GEN/201 Date Teacher Name Continuing Academic Success Achieving academic success is something that many individuals consider to be a challenging task. Some people even think that it might be too difficult to worry even about trying to achieve it. While attempting to reach your goal in obtaining academic success, you must meet your university’s expectations and guidelines to reach your goal of being awarded a degree. If you want to thrive in school, youRead MoreContinuing Academic Success1559 Words   |  7 PagesCONTINUING ACADEMIC SUCCESS Dale Ray Blackard GEN/201 5/23/2016 Laticia Dezell Continued Academic Success Continuing academic success opens opportunities for advancement and increases monetary value based upon transferred knowledge. Education promotes a person as a dedicated person that does the necessary actions to accomplish the personal preference of the goal desired. One who exemplifies this internal drive receives advancements in the work place. Promotions and added responsibilities areRead MoreContinuing Academic Success Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Continuing Academic Success Alejandra Ruvalcaba General Education 12/13/14 Pete Medina â€Å"Continuing Education Success†, personally I never even thought about this nor about setting educational goals for myself, like obtaining a bachelors in criminal justice to achieve a good paying job. In this class I learned how important it is to make my education a priority so I do not get sidetracked by other things that are also important in my life. Setting educational goals for my academic success is aRead MoreContinuing Academic Success Essay1166 Words   |  5 Pages Continuing Academic Success Keyaria Tompkins GEN/201 September 22, 2014 Maureen Parker Continuing Academic Success Of course everyone wants to be successful! It takes 100% of effort and determination to be successful. Maintaining believable goals keeps you on track for the road of success. If you keep your goals in mind, you will not astray from them. Achieving goals that you have set for yourself is your responsibility. It is easy to get distracted from your academic goals,Read MoreContinuing Academic Success Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesContinuing Academic Success When looking at continuing academic success one must make several critical decisions; chose if continuing going to school is the right choice for them. Most of the time when people come to that decision, they come to realize several things. That it is important to continue academic success because it helps you set goals for your academic success, helps you strengthen your learning style, and there are so many sources out there to help you succeed. When one makes thatRead MoreEssay about Continuing Academic Success1075 Words   |  5 PagesContinuing Academic Success GEN/201 â€Æ' Continuing Academic Success Achieving success is something that many consider to be difficult, sometimes too difficult to be worth even trying. But there are many tools and processes available to help people be successful. By knowing what these tools and processes are, students are able to achieve not only academic success, but also be successful in many other areas of their lives. Setting goals is an important step in achieving success. By recognizing yourRead MoreGen200 Continuing Academic Success Essay1253 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Academic Success xxxx University of Phoenix GEN200 – Foundations for General Education xxxx xxxx Academic Success Technology and industry is growing at an ever increasing rate, and each year there are new devices or concepts adopted by business wanting to be on the cutting edge. Workers and leaders also need to stay on the cutting edge as well if they desire to excel in their careers. Often, this means that the working adult will return to a learning environment to earn a certificationRead MoreCaress Alexander gen201 r2 using sources Essay758 Words   |  4 PagesSources Review the Continuing Academic Success assignment requirements from Week 5. Conduct research in the University Library to find at least three sources that are relevant for your Week 5 essay. Complete the following table for each source you have chosen. Include the original passage when you provide the summary, paraphrase, and quote. Source 1 Title of the article The influence of motivational orientations on academic achievement among working adults in continuing education Why did youRead MoreEssay about Academic Success1210 Words   |  5 PagesContinuing Academic Success Kasey E Marsh II Gen/200 3/1/2015 Susie Holiday Continuing Academic Success The end is near to my first class at the University of Phoenix. As I continue on with my education, I would like to have great academic success. Academic success can be achieved by being aware of one’s goals, the writing process and the importance of critical thinking skills. By knowing these things, I believe my academic success will be achievable. Goals Setting

Cyrus And The Babylonian Of The Persian Empire - 1878 Words

Cyrus II, more commonly referred to, as Cyrus the Great was the founder of the Persian Empire. Cyrus is renowned for being one of the greatest historical conquerors, who in two decades (550-530) conquered all the major empires of the near east, including Media, Lydia and the Neo-Babylonian kingdoms; all these cities united created the largest empire the world had seen to that time . However in many ancient texts, such as the works of Xenophon, a number of sacred Jewish texts and the Babylonian peoples, Cyrus was often described as a ‘liberator’ as apposed to a conqueror . From a number of ancient written sources, including the Cyropaedia, Cyrus is depicted as a very tolerant and generous ruler, this attribute was a very important†¦show more content†¦This source is very different from Herodotus’ version, which claims that Cyrus only became king after he defeated Astyages in 550/549 BCE; this version is also reiterated in Xenophon’s Cyropaedia . The details of Cyrus’ origin story are widely debated, however, the Cyrus Cylinder and ancient cuneiform texts remain as the most reliable sources that say Cyrus inherited the position of king of Anash, under Median rule, from his father and predecessor . In c.550 BCE a battle broke out between the Persians, led by Cyrus the Great and the Median Empire led by their king, Astyages . Although different ancient sources argue which of the two started the conflict, the outcome is mutually agreed upon. Ancient Greek historian, Herodotus claims that prior to the rise of the Persian Empire the Medes ruled the Persian peoples. Until Cyrus â€Å"persuaded the Persians to revolt and march against the Medes†, after learning of this Astyages ordered his armies to capture Cyrus; but instead his armies revolted against him and after his defeat in the battle, Astyages was captured by the Persian Empire . This version of events is

Determinants Of Systematic Risk Exposures -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Determinants Of Systematic Risk Exposures? Answer: Introducation The main aim of this report is to focus on the disorder benchmark as well as the assumptions, which have been implemented by the given company called, Campbell Brothers Limited. It is a testing service providing company. At first, it was named as Campbell Brothers and later they changed it to ALS Limited. The company is based in Australia and the company is a soap and chemical manufacturing company that is listed under the Australian Stock exchange (Alsglobal.com 2018). The company has its main operations in 4 major divisions, ranging from the Industrials, Energy, Life Sciences and Minerals. It is one of the largest testing and analytical groups of companies around the world. While accounting for a company, the financial asset of a company is assessed at a given reporting period in order to give evidence in case the asset is impaired. In accounting terms, an asset is considered impaired or disordered during the time when the evidences that have been earlier collected expresses that several events that have taken place in the course of business is negatively influencing the cash flow values for the future. In such cases, definite impairment charges are required to be taken and the loss needs are to be calculated (AmirALSani, Iatridis and Pope 2013). An impairment loss is with respect to the financial or non-financial assets that is measured at an amortized cost. The amortized cost is the contrast in between the present value of the asset that is reckoned, and the carrying cost. However, there are certain assets that are impaired individually, and certain assets are impaired in groups. Assets that are tested for impairment As witnessed from the annual reports of the company for the year ended as on 31 March 2016. Goodwill as well as the other non-financial assets are tested for the impairment cases and such kind of tests could take place for more than a year in case of occurrence of few events that specify certain circumstances for which the impairment may have to be taken place (AmirALSani, Iatridis and Pope 2013). Other tangible assets- Tangible assets such as the Trade receivables are also taken into the consideration for the test of impairment. Plant and equipment- Plants and equipments were also taken into account for the same test. Ways of conducting impairment test As it is discussed earlier, the intangible assets and goodwill are generally undertaken for an impairment test when an event takes place in a firm, which may demonstrate that the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable. In other circumstances, there are certain assets that are tested for impairment case more than once in a year if there exists a circumstance, which may suggest so. After this, the goodwill and other assets are assigned to the unit that is cash generating for the test (Andrews 2012). The method that is followed is extremely simple. The assets belonging to the lower class are grouped together for which cash flows can be recognized separately and for the assets, which are not based on these, are grouped different. Except goodwill, all other assets that have undergone the impairment have the chance of reversal as according to the date at which the reporting is done. Impairment expenditures Following is the impairment expenses of the company for the year ended 31 March 2016- The intensive assets as well as the goodwill- According to the given report during the yearly period the total cost on goodwill rise up to 265 million dollars. Plant property and equipment- For plant and equipment 11.1 million dollars were the impairment charges (Carlin and Finch 2010). Other intangible assets- The cost for the other tangible assets was 41.5 million dollars. Therefore, the total cost was 317.9 million dollars. Assumptions and estimates that are used by the company for conducting impairment tests The ALS Global makes various assumptions and estimates, because it is very concerned about its financial statements as well as its future. This outcome which might be gained by the estimates need to be equal with the actual outcomes of the organization`s results. The taken estimates and assumptions have considerable number of risks that can affect the profitability of the organization and lead to several problems in the material adjustments. The given estimates need to be discloses through notes in the accounts. For the sensitivity of the market, the recoverable amount for the assets like goodwill needs to be taken into account for the calculation of the future cash flows as well (Carlin, Finch and Laili 2009). The recoverable amount is deliberated for the assets value in use. The estimates need to be made based upon the various policies and are revised on a daily basis. The important assumptions that are made for the calculation are : The Compound average growth rate, and, The Pre-tax discount rate Subjectivity that is involved in the process of impairment testing As per the rule of IAS 36 on the Impairment of assets, it is concluded that it is a classic standard in the IFRS. Nevertheless, it is subject to interpretation and it may differ as per the managerial requirement, and could give rise to creativity (Rennekamp, Rupar and Seybert 2014). The annual report of the Campbell brothers consists of certain amount of relativity and subjectivity in a way in which the impairment test is conducted in the organization (Cotter 2012). The management team had the opportunity to exploit their discretion and they carried the test for impairment for several assets depending on their opportunities. This fact can be proved with the help of the factors, which the particular allocation of goodwill and other assets. Interesting, surprising, difficult or confusing part to understand impairment testing It could be said after analyzing the annual reports of ALS Global that the most confusing part in this process is the initiation and the induction of impairment. As stated previously the induction of impairment depends on the internal as well as external situations and events and with the same, on the frequency of the test is depending completely on the discretion of the management (Fit, Moya and Orgaz 2013). Due to this fact, in the discretion of the management, there might be the chances that the impairment that are generally undertaken, is either subjective or many depend on the choice of the management. Hence, as stated above there exists chances that the management might carry out the test depending on these opportunities that are available and utilized the impairment option when there is a slump in the value of the given asset. New insights concerning conducting of the impairment tests The impairment loss can be referred to as the difference between carrying amount of the given asset and recoverable amount of the asset. When the recoverable amount of the asset in cases where the value in use comes into picture, is higher than it may be in the case where the value of the asset is decreased to the disposable cost (Lee and Hooy 2013). The fair value of an asset is determined through the sales agreement or the value of the asset that has been taken from the market where the particular asset is usual, traded. In other cases, the value as per the rule of IAS 36, can be described as the present value of the cash flows that might take place in future from the asset. Fair value measurement According to the new IFRS 13, the fair value of an asset is determined through- The sales agreement. The value of the asset in the market where it is traded (Ifrs.org. 2018) The reason why the former accounting standards does not reflect the economic reality It is believed that about every one out of two companies that make the use of US GAAP or IFRS in its business have been affected by the various different changes and alterations, which have taken place in a given year. According to todays scenario, the companies who are registered under US GAAP or IFRS have near about 3.3 trillion dollars worth leased assets and other commitments. Out of these, near about two-third of the total data is not reported in the balance sheet. This is due to the fact that, they are often treated as operating leases (Jennings and Marques 2013). In order to compensate such loss the investors normally include those estimates that are just a prediction. These are incomparable and inaccurate computations. Therefore, it is often reflected that the accounting standards that were used before, did not reflect the economic reality. Reasons why under the previous accounting standards the lease liabilities of the reporting entities in the balance sheet were 66 times more than the reported debts under the balance sheet When the previous accounting standard was in use nearly 85 percent of the companies put their leases amount under the operating leases instead of balance sheet. While these operating leases were not recorded under the given balance sheet, they were able to create liabilities, which were true (loans, retirement and education 2018). Hence, when financial crises will occur, there were certain companies that were not able to adapt to the new systems and hence they went on a bankrupt. For this reason, the lease liabilities of the reporting entities in the balance sheet were 66 times greater than the reported debts that are under the balance sheet Reasons behind why the Chairperson of IASB is in the view that under the previous accounting standard no level playing field was there among some airline entities The main problem with the earlier accounting systems was related to comparability. For the airline industries, most of the leases are treated as the operating leases and therefore they are not recorded in the balance sheet. Hence, due to this reason, it is often said that the level of playing field does not exist among the given airline companies. When the new given standards will be introduced, it is supposed that such types of problems will not be there as all the given eases will be taken as assets and the given leases will account as the liabilities. Reasons why the Chairperson is in the view that the new standard will not be popular with everyone Any new change that takes place in the firm has an impact on the overall business of the company. Hence, the given companies need to be careful enough and be prepared to make the given accounting changes in their given income statement and also to the balance sheets. Apart from the visible impacts, it is also believed that there will be certain contractual arrangements as well as banking policies associated with the statements of the country (Md Khokan , Rahman and Mollik 2014). These are normally related with the aspects of human resource and may change the overall structure of the bonus payment and the other relevant ratios. Possibilities that the new visibility with regard to all the leases will result into better informed decision for investment as well as the company The blessing in disguise in terms of the new accounting standard is that the companies all over the world will provide more transparency in their accounting statements after this implementation. This transparency shall result in better information for the investors who plan to invest their savings in the different shares of the company (Ramanna and Watts 2012). With the earlier accounting standard that are in use, the companies used to keep their operating leases under their income statement and this has made it impossible for the investors to compare. Therefore, when the new standard will upgrade to the rule of IFRS 16, the investors will then be able to take better decisions for their respective company. References Alsglobal.com ,2018.ALS. [online] Alsglobal.com. Available at: https://www.alsglobal.com/-/media/als/resources/myals/.../2016-annual-report.pdf [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. AmirALSani, H., Iatridis, G.E. and Pope, P.F. ,2013. Accounting for asset impairment.London: Cass Business School. AmirALSani, H., Iatridis, G.E. and Pope, P.F. ,2013.Accounting for asset impairment: a test for IFRS compliance across Europe. Centre for Financial Analysis and Reporting Research (CeFARR). Andrews, R. ,2012. Fair Value, earnings management and asset impairment: The impact of a change in the regulatory environment.Procedia Economics and Finance,2, pp.16-25. Carlin, T.M. and Finch, N. ,2010. Resisting compliance with IFRS goodwill accounting and reporting disclosures evidence from Australia, Journal of Accounting and Organizational Change, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 260-280. [Google Scholar] [Link] [Infotrieve] Carlin, T.M. and Finch, N. ,2011. Goodwill impairment testing under IFRS: a false impossible shore?, Pacific Accounting Review, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 368-392. [Google Scholar] [Link] [Infotrieve] Carlin, T.M., Finch, N. and Laili, N.H. ,2009. Goodwill accounting in Malaysia and the transition to IFRS a compliance assessment of large first year adopters, Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 75-104. [Google Scholar] [Link] [Infotrieve] Cotter, D. ,2012.Advanced financial reporting: A complete guide to IFRS. Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Fit, M.., Moya, S. and Orgaz, N. ,2013. Considering the effects of operating lease capitalization on key financial ratios.Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting/Revista Espaola de Financiacin y Contabilidad,42(159), pp.341-369. Ifrs.org. ,2018. IFRS. [online] Available at: https://www.ifrs.org/ [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. Jennings, R. and Marques, A. ,2013. Amortized cost for operating lease assets.Accounting Horizons,27(1), pp.51-74. Lee, C.H. and Hooy, C.W. ,2013. Determinants of systematic financial risk exposures of airlines in North America, Europe and Asia.Journal of Air Transport Management,24, pp.31-35. loans, H., retirement, S., and education, N. ,2018.Bank Accounts, Super, Insurance and Home Loans - AMP.Amp.com.au. Retrieved 25 January 2018, from https://www.amp.com.au/ Marshall, D. ,2016.Accounting: What the numbers mean. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Md Khokan Bepari, Sheikh F. Rahman and Abu Taher Mollik. ,2014 .Firms' compliance with the disclosure requirements of IFRS for goodwill impairment testing: Effect of the global financial crisis and other firm characteristics, Journal of Accounting and Organizational Change, Vol. 10 Issue: 1, pp.116149, https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-02-2011-0008 Ramanna, K. and Watts, R.L. ,2012. Evidence on the use of unverifiable estimates in required goodwill impairment.Review of Accounting Studies,17(4), pp.749-780. Rennekamp, K., Rupar, K.K. and Seybert, N. ,2014. Impaired judgment: The effects of asset impairment reversibility and cognitive dissonance on future investment.The Accounting Review,90(2), pp.739-759.

Public School Licensing Essays - Wyoming, License, Accreditation

Public School Licensing Section 1. Purposes. The purposes of the rules are: (a) To establish a procedure for the licensing of post secondary education institutions (colleges, universities, correspondence schools offering degrees, etc.) with the exception of the University of Wyoming and the Community Colleges of Wyoming (21-2-102 and 21-2-103) or any post-secondary post secondary education institution possessing current accreditation by a recognized and accepted accrediting agency. (b) To establish minimum standards for post secondary education institutions until accreditation by a recognized and accepted accrediting agency may be achieved. (c) To protect persons enrolled in a course of study in post secondary education institution. Section 2. Authority. These rules are promulgated pursuant to W.S. 21-2-401 and 403 of the Private School Licensing Act, and have been adopted by the Wyoming State Board of Education in accordance with the Wyoming Administrative Procedure Act (W.S. 16-3-101 through 16-3-115). They are effective upon filing with the Secretary of State. Section 3. Applicability. These rules govern the operation of all post secondary education institutions not accredited by a recognized and accepted accrediting agency as defined by rules of the Wyoming Department of Education, which are located within the state, or have their principal place of business out of state but do business in the state. These rules do not apply to any parochial, church, or religious school as defined by W.S. 21-4-101(a)(iv), home-based educational programs as defined by W.S. 21-4- BC 101(a)(v), aircraft flight training schools approved and authorized by the Federal Aviation Agency of the United States of America, or a school teaching techniques of outdoor recreation, leadership, ecology, or conservation domiciled in the state of Wyoming. nor do they apply to post secondary Instit accredited by a recognized and accepted accrediting agency Section 4. Amendment of Rules. Any amendments to these rules shall become effective upon filing with the Secretary of State. Section 54. Definitions. (a) "Agent" means any person owning any interest in, employed by, or representing for remuneration or other consideration a post secondary education institution located within or without this state who enrolls or who, in places other than the principal school premises, offers or attempts to secure the enrollment of any person within this state for education in a post secondary education institution. (b) "Attorney General" means the Attorney General of the State of Wyoming. (c) "Degree" means any award, earned or honorary, conferred with the designation of associate, baccalaureate, master, professional, specialist or doctorate. (d) "Post Secondary Education Institution" means any post secondary institution offering a degree, earned or honorary, conferred with the designation of associate, baccalaureate, master, professional, specialist or doctorate. (e) "License" means a non-transferable document issued by the Wyoming Department of Education to a post secondary education institution located within this state or located outside the state, but whose agent solicits students from within the state in the name of such Institution, which permits the Institution to solicit, offer, and maintain a course(s) of instruction or study in compliance with the provision of the Private School Licensing Act and the rules of the Wyoming State Board of Education promulgated pursuant to the Act. (f) "Recognized and Accepted Accreditation Agency" includes those agencies recognized by the United States Department of Education through National Advisory Committee on Accreditation and Institutional Eligibility. If the post secondary education institution originates in a foreign country, accreditation recognized and accepted by that country's Department of Education or equivalent agency is required. (g) "StaDepartment" means Wyoming Department of Education. (h) "StateBoard" means Wyoming State Board of Education. (i) "Licensing year" is from July 1 through June 30 of the following calendar year. Section 65. Granting, Refusing or Revoking Licenses. Denial, suspensions, or revocations of a license may occur when it is found that a school has failed to comply with Wyoming Post Secondary Education Institution Licensing statutes and the Post Secondary Education Institution rules adopted by the Wyoming State Board of Education. Such action will be governed by the Wyoming Administrative Procedure Act (W.S. 16-3-101 through 16- BC 3-115). Licensure is not required once accreditation is achieved from a recognized and accepted accreditation agency and documentation of such is provided to the office of the Secretary of State and the Department. Section 6. Licensing Application Procedure. Application for a license shall be made to the Department. The applicant must submit the following: (a) Documentation that the institution: (i) is currently seeking appropriate accreditation and detailing steps taken during the year to achieve that goal, or (ii) is not seeking accreditation and explaining why it is not necessary to achieve its goals. (b) The application shall be accompanied by a certified check or

OedipusWhen Bad Things Happen To Good People Essays - Oedipus

Oedipus:When Bad Things Happen To Good People Autumn xxxx English 102 April 6, 2000 When Bad Things Happen to Good People The true Greek tragedy, Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles (496-406 B.C.), adheres to Aristotles (384-322 B.C.) definition of a tragedy. The first criterion of a Greek tragedy is that the protagonist be a good person; doubly blessed with a good heart and noble intention. Sophocles reveals immediately at the start of the play that Oedipus is such a man. As is common in the Greek tragedy Oedipus is also an aristocrat. Born of the King and Queen of Thebes he is of true nobility. Oedipus on the other-hand believes his parents are the King and Queen of Corinth. Oedipus was abandoned as a baby and adopted by them. Because that information is known to the audience, and not to Oedipus prior to the start of the play, it is a perfect example of tragic irony because when he declares that he will find the murderer he is the man that he pursues. Here he is told by Tiresias,? I say you are the murderer you hunt? (1235). The theme of Oedipus the King is not clear-cut. The theme in this tragic play seems to be you can?t escape your fate. Contentment leads to ignorance as Oedipus lends fate a hand in his bitter end. This trait is touched-on in these lines spoken by Creon. ?Look at you, sullen in yielding, brutal in your rage- you'll go too far. It's perfect justice: natures like yours are hardest on themselves?(Sophocles 1242-1243). Oedipus is a true hero in the Greek tragedy. He has the fate of the community in his hands along with the noble character to take care of it himself. He announces his convictions to take this problem into his own hands and do whatever is necessary to lift the curse. Oedipus addresses the priests assembled before him, ? You can trust me; I am ready to help, I'll do anything (Sophocles 1225). The city has this faith in him and the priest come to tell him so he will help them lift the curse. ?Now we pray to you. You cannot equal the gods, your children know that...But we do rate you first of men,?(1226). He also appears to have Apollo's ear, which makes him seem all-powerful to the audience; this is another standard of the classic Greek tragedy. Oedipus told his people, ?After painful search I found one cure: I acted at once. I sent Creon, my wife's own brother, to Delphi-Apollo the Prophet's oracle- to learn what I might do or say to save our city? (1226). Following Aristotle's qualifications of the tragic hero Oedipus does have a tragic flaw as is standard in the Greek tragedy. Oedipus has a character flaw that brings his end. Although it cannot be summed-up in one word there is evidence that his flaw may be ignorance or blindness to his own fate. This ignorance unearths a pride that is revealed though out the play. As when Oedipus tells the chorus/city' ?You pray to the gods? Let me grant your prayers? (1231). Oedipus is too content with himself and his life to see his end coming. He throws caution to the wind when he kills a man who is old enough to be his father. This was done shortly after he had gone to see Apollo.?-and the god Apollo spurned me, sent me away denied the facts I came for, but first he flashed before my eyes a future great with pain, terror, disaster-I can hear him cry,' You are fated to couple with your mother...you will kill your father, the one who gave you life? (1246)! Oedipus goes to great lengths to keep his fate from being played-out. He thinks running away will stop his role in things to come. And in his marriage to an older woman, he seems to tempt fate by not questioning his choice, when he knows there were doubts about his being a true blood relation to his parents. This is revealed to the audience when Oedipus says, ?Some man at a banquet who had drunk too much shouted out-he was far gone mind you-that I am not my father's son?

Verb tenses Essay Example

Verb tenses Essay Example Verb tenses Essay Verb tenses Essay A Put in the verbs in brackets in the correct tenses. Example: The sun now. (to shine) Answer: The sun is shining now. 1) We TV when it started to rain. (to watch) 2) I to visit you yesterday, but you not at home. (to want) (to be) 3) Look! It , so we cant to the beach. (to rain) (to go) 4) There are a lot of clouds! It soon. (to rain) 5) The sun in the East. (to rise) 6) Since 2003 they their son every year. (to visit) 7) While the doctor Mr Jones, his son outside this morning. (to examine) (to wait) 8) I for my girlfriend for two hours. (to wait) ) After Larry the film on TV, he decided to buy the book. to see) 10) Wait a minute, I this box for you. (to carry) B Tense Recognition John has always traveled Tense? a lot. In fact, when he was Tense? only two years old when he first flew Tense? to the US. His mother is Tense? Italian and his father is Tense? American. John was born Tense? in France, but his parents had met Tense? in Cologne, Germany after they had been living Tense? the re for five years. They met Tense? one day while Johns father was reading a book in the library and his mother sat down Tense? beside him. Tense? Anyway, John travels Tense? lot because his parents also travel Tense? a lot. As a matter of fact, John is visiting Tense? his parents in France at the moment. He lives Tense? in New York now, but has been visiting Tense? his parents for the past few weeks. He really enjoys Tense? living in New York, but he also loves coming to visit his parents at least once a year. This year he has flown over 50,000 miles for his Job. He has been working Tense? for Jackson Co. for almost two years now. Hes Tense? pretty sure that hell be working for them next year as well. His Job requires Tense? lot of travel. In fact, by the end of this year, hell have traveled Tense? over 120,000 miles! His next Journey will be Tense? to Australia. He really doesnt like Tense? going to Australia because it is so far. This time he is going to fly Tense? from Paris after a meeting with the companys French partner. Hell have been sitting Tense? over 18 hours by the time he arrives! John was talking Tense? with his parents earlier this evening when his girlfriend from New York telephoned Tense? to let him know that Jackson Co. had decided Tense? to merge with a company in Australia. The two companies had been negotiating Tense? for the past month, so it really wasnt Tense? much of a surprise. Of course, this means Tense? that John will have to catch Tense? the next plane back to New York. Hell be meeting with his boss at this time tomorrow. C Tense Conjugation when he first Tense? (fly) to the US. His mother Tense? (be) Italian and his father Tense? (be) American. John Tense? _(be) born in France, but his (meet) in Cologne, Germany after they Tense? (live) there for parents Tense? five years. They Tense? (meet) one day while Johns father Tense? read) a ook in the library and his mother Tense? (sit down) beside him. Anyway, John (travel) a lot because his parents also Tense? (travel) a lot. As a matter of fact, John Tense? (visit) his parents in France at the moment. He Tense? (live) in New York now, but Tense? (visit) his parents for the past few weeks. He really Tense? (enjoy) living in New York, but he also Tense? (love) coming to visit his parents at least on ce a year. This year Tense? (fly) over 50,000 miles for his Job. He Tense? (work) for Jackson Co. for almost two years now. He (be) pretty sure that heTense? ork) for them next year as well. His job Tense? _(require) a lot of travel. In fact, by the end of this year, heTense? (travel) over 120,000 miles! His next Journey Tense? (be) to Australia. He really (not like) going to Australia because it is so far. This time he Tense? (fly) from Paris after a meeting with the companys French partner. He Tense? (fly) for over 18 hours by the time he Tense? (arrive)! John Tense? (talk) with his parents earlier this evening when his girlfriend from New York Tense? (telephone) to let him know that Jackson Co. Tense? (decide) to merge with a ompany in Australia. The two companies Tense? (negotiate) for the past month, so it really Tense? (not be) much of a surprise. Of course, this Tense? (mean) that John Tense? (have to catch) the next plane back to New York. He (meet) with his boss at this time tomorrow. C Complete this letter. Dear John: Well, I (arrive) † safely two weeks ago. The flight (be) † fine, but a bit long. I (watch) † two films and (eat) † two breakfasts! Thank you for everything. I (have) † a really good time with you in London. Everything here 0k now. I (send) † Just † you some photos of my town. Please (be) † very different from your city. I (write) this letter outside in the garden and I (sit) under a big umbrella because the sun is very hot today. It (be) so difficult for me to start work after my holiday, but it (be) † (reply) me soon, and thank you again for the wonderful time. Best wishes! Peter D Rewrite these sentences. 1 She made tea. Then she washed the dishes. (after) 2 Sally came to live here 20 years ago. (for) 3 Do you know how to play tennis? (ever) 4 1 haven t seen him since we finished school (last time) 5 Thanks, but I had lunch earlier. (already) Exercise A: Answer key 1) We were watching TV when it started to rain. 2) I wanted to visit you yesterday, but you were not at home. 3) Look! It is raining, so we cant go to the beach. 4) There are a lot of clouds! It is going to rain soon. 5) The sun rises in the East. 6) Since 2003 they have visited their son every year. 7) While the doctor was examining Mr Jones, his son was waiting outside this morning. 8) I have been waiting for my girlfriend for two hours. 9) After Larry had seen the film on TV, he decided to buy the book. 10) Wait a minute, I will carry this box for you.

Are modern humans biologically related to Neanderthals Essay

Are modern humans biologically related to Neanderthals - Essay Example The result of the studies shows that the modern humans originated from Africa about 150,000 years ago and were dispersed to other parts of the world where they replaced Neanderthals rather than interbreeding with them. This is clearly evidenced by the discovery of skeletal remains of anatomically modern humans in different parts of the world. Anatomically modern humans were discovered in Africa while distinctively modern humans were discovered in Europe and Asia. The anatomically modern humans existed 150,000 years ago while the distinctive modern populations existed 40,000 years ago. Archaeological evidence also shows that Aurignacian technologies were spread across central, southeastern and Western Europe through the dispersion modern human from Africa. The Aurignacian technologies of modern human emerged directly from the Neanderthal technologies; indicating that the Neanderthals of Asia and Europe associated with new populations from Africa. Another group of the modern human was dispersed along the coastal Mediterranean of Europe. Neanderthal genes disappeared in Europe because there was a direct competition between the Neanderthals and the modern humans in terms space and resources. The modern humans won because they had more complex technology and organization.According to Mellars (2004), there must have been great contact and interaction between modern populations expanding into Europe and the indigenous Neanderthals across Europe. These interactions were mainly behavioral.

History of the US Participation in World War II Research Paper - 2

History of the US Participation in World War II - Research Paper Example The war offered the United States to evaluate its military strength and strategies in situations and conditions that were never realised before. It is important to note that the involvement of the United States in the Second World War came in December of 1941 after the Japanese attack. However, the world war had started in the September of 1939 when Germany invaded Poland riding on the fancies of Hitler to establish German empire on the lines of the racial purity and sense of revenge against the western powers who pushed Germany into Economic oblivion after the end of the World War I. At the same time, it was the involvement of the United States that played a determining role in changing the equations of war after Japan went berserk for the establishment of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. The involvement of the United States was dearly desired by the Allies who realised the military capability of the United States forces but it didn’t come before the attack on Pear l Harbour, an incident which was remembered by the contemporary President Roosevelt for its ‘infamy’. It was the unexpected intrusion of the Imperial Japanese Navy that surprised the political establishment of the United States and the measure of the damage forced the United States to go after the Japanese Forces. Thereby, the other member countries of the Axis Countries also declared war on the United States. The Second World War is often referred to as a situation where the military strategies of the United States Navy came in full use and achieved tactical advances against the navy of Japan. The Battle in the Pacific region determined the onset of a series of defeats for the Japanese Forces.

Strategic Management Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Management - Research Proposal Example The strategic decision making on the other hand is a more streamlined segment of the overall decision making process. It is can be considered as an ongoing process which is involved in developing strategies so that the organization is capable of achieving goals and at the same time capable of altering the existing strategies based on the outcomes. The strategic decision making is largely responsible for the success of a company as it determines the success of major operational activities like the manufacturing, marketing, distribution, etc (Stokman 1-153). This research proposal is based on the influence of strategic decisions on the operational activities of product manufacturers. The research paper will encompass the case of Toyota to justify the findings and to answer the research questions. The global business environment is increasingly becoming more competitive where the business entities are trying to seek out new ways to increase their competitive advantage and gain higher market share in the industry. This as a result makes it imperative for the organizations to ensure that they are taking the right decisions that will help them to reach achieve the organizational mission in an efficient manner. In order to achieve competitive advantage the firms need to ensure that they are able to generate the higher value at the lowest possible resource utilization. Thus this research work will allow the readers to have a clear idea of the importance of strategic decision making and how other organizations can utilize the findings to increase their operational efficiency. The research questions clearly indicate that the study will be conducted by focusing on the strategic planning and decision making of Toyota. It will help the researcher to identify the underlying process followed by a successful manufacturing company to run its operational activities. This as a result will help the researcher to make a generic

Relationship Between Police and Muslim Individuals

Relationship Between Police and Muslim Individuals Shamma Alsuwaidi Dataset being used: 2014-15 Crime Survey of England and Wales Variable name of dependent variable: copannoy Variable name of main independent variable: Muslim Word count of this project ¹: 2,672 words I have included my SPSS output as an appendix to this project I am happy for an anonymised version of this project to be used  for teaching purposes at the University of Kent    My research question In this project, I examine the relationship between police officers and individuals from different religious groups. I will examine whether Muslims encounter more disturbing and discriminatory experiences with the police, compared to those who follow different religions (Christians, Jews, Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, and those who do not follow any religion). Accordingly, the dependent variable I will be using is: really annoyed with the police, while my independent variable will be: Muslim religion. Potential mechanisms linking police malpractice to Muslims I selected these variables because in a post-9/11 civilisation, Muslims are increasingly becoming more segregated from societies as a result of the increased media attention to them. People began to fear Muslims and attempts to segregate them from society were made by many. Muslims are now perceived as an outsider group, a category of aggressive, extremist individuals, who pose a risk to British lifestyles (Rowe, 2013). Although Islam is the most common religion amongst minorities, high rates of prejudice of Arabs and Muslims is evident in countries of the EU such as France and the UK. For instance, over 50% of people in Germany, France, and the UK identify and associate Muslims as radicals, aiming to promote their extreme religious beliefs (Jikeli, 2011). As a result, attitudes towards Muslims dramatically changed worldwide. Prejudice and hate spread, leading Arabs/Muslims to now face critical observation in every aspect of their lives. They can no longer travel, drive, and enjoy being out in public due to the discrimination they face in their everyday lives. In addition, instead of receiving support and protection from law enforcements, they are instead further victimised by them. Racial profiling, unjust treatment, unjustified investigations, harassment, and wrongful captures are now very common experiences between Muslims in European countries (Cainkar, 2002). In addition, it is not uncommon for an Arab to be randomly selected for security checks at airports, and even be prohibited from flying due to such prejudice views. However, discrimination against those coloured and those who acquire divergent features than typical Europeans do occur as well; where gipsies (47%) and Africans (41%) experience higher levels of discrimination as well (Jikeli, 2011). I expect that Muslims are more likely to find themselves in situations where they become irritated by the police, or unsatisfied with how the police deal with occurrences compared to those who follow other religions. This is because, at a time of increased awareness and fear of terrorism, and with socially and politically constructed images of Muslims, society would ultimately treat them in a hostile manner. As a result, members of the law enforcement are more likely to share the same views with society or would be inclined into targeting and eliminating any potential harm or threat of terrorism that could be caused to society. Therefore, the police would be more likely to be suspicious towards an Arab or Muslim. Dependent variable In my analysis, I used data collected from the 2014/15 Crime Survey of England and Wales, which surveys adults (16+) living in private residence in the UK. My dependent variable is really annoyed by police, which comes from the question: Have you ever been really annoyed about the way a police officer behaved towards you or someone you know. OR about the way the police handled a matter in which you were involved? This might have been a police officer or another member of police staff. 1. Yes- towards respondent 2. Yes- towards someone else 3. Yes- towards both respondent and someone else 4. No I am missing statistics on the frequency of police aggravation, since 24,806 out of 33,350 individuals did not respond to this question. Below is the frequency table of those who did respond: Number of responses Frequency (% of valid cases) No 6,341 74.2% Yes 2,203 25.8% Total 8,544 100% Table 1: Frequency table of police annoyance Since the question gives respondents chances to respond in different yet similar ways, I modified the way in which responses are interpreted. For example: * Yes: towards respondent à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡towards someone else à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡towards both respondent and someone else I integrated the responses in order to simplify the data. Instead of having various categories of the yes responses, they would all be integrated into an individual yes group. Therefore, my dependent variable is respondents claiming themselves, another individual, or even both being irritated by any staff within the law enforcement agency. 25.8% of the valid respondents stated that they have been in an experience where they, and/or someone they know has been annoyed by the police, as shown in Table 1. Main independent variable The main independent variable I am manipulating is the Islam religion. This is derived from the Crime Survey of England and Wales (2014/15), which is built upon individuals self- reported religion, at the time they took part in the questionnaire. The question is shown as the following: What is your religion, even if you are not currently practicing? CODE ONE ONLY IF YES, PROBE FOR RELIGION 1. Christian (including Church of England, Catholic, Protestant, and all other Christian denominations) 2. Buddhist 3. Hindu 4. Jewish 5. Muslim 6. Sikh 7. Other (SPECIFY) 8. No religion Here, I am missing 76 responses out of the total of 33,350 people who took part in the survey. These individuals either refused to answer or claimed they did not know the answer. A frequency table of the remaining respondents can be seen in Table 2: Number of responses Frequency (% of valid cases) No 32309 97.1% Yes 965 2.9% Total 33274 100% Table 2: Frequency table of Muslim respondents As the question initially asks for their reported religions, I have created two distinct response categories. For instance, those with no self-reported religion, and those associated with other religions (Jewish, Christian, Hindu, Sikh and Buddhists), are categorised as no. Whereas, Muslims respondents are placed in the yes category. This is because I was interested in making a general comparison of Muslim and non-Muslim perception of the police, in order to carry out my analysis. Control variables In this section of my analysis, I added two further control variables, whether respondents live in urban or rural areas and their reported gender. Here, all 33,350 respondents answered the questions. This is achieved in order to explore other factors that could influence people to experience irritation from the actions or behaviour of the police. Although there was no precise question presented to determine whether a place of residence is in a rural or urban area, respondents had to describe the features of their neighbourhoods and provide their address (postcode) on the survey. As a result, rural areas come to be defined as areas where the population is less than 10,000; communities where 7,567 (22.7%) of the respondents inhabit. However, exploring gender was based on the following question: CODE THE SEX OF EACH ADULT IN THE HOUSEHOLD IF NECESSARY: Is (name) male or female? Male Female Here, the interviewer collects data on every member of a household, assuming their gender, unless they are uncertain. This data indicates that 45.1% (15,030) of the 33,350 respondents are males. Analysis Part I: In my first stage of analysis, I examine the pattern of irritation from the police, by association of the Islam religion. The link between being a Muslim and the likelihood of being annoyed by the police is analysed by using a Crosstabs, as shown in the table below: Table 3: Link between police annoyance and Muslim religion Have not been annoyed with police Have been annoyed with police Total Non-Muslim 74.0% 26.0% 100% Muslim 84.0% 16.0% 100% Total 74.2% 25.8% 100% Total number of respondents for this analysis: 8521 Although 24,829 people did not answer this question, Table 3 shows data based on the 8,521 individuals who did. 16.0% of Muslim respondents claimed that they encountered a situation where an officer annoyed them, or someone they knew, in comparison to 26.0% of non-Muslim respondents. In other words, Muslims are 10% less likely to claim to be annoyed with an officer of the law, than those of other religions; resulting in a different pattern than I predicted at the start of my analysis. Analysis Part II: Is this pattern systematic? Data suggests that members of the Muslim community are less likely to be annoyed by the way police handle situations than others. However, this could have resulted from the randomness of the sample, or randomness of how police members handle occurrences and behave towards people. So, I ran a regression with being annoyed with the police as the dependent variable, and being Muslim as an independent variable; to examine the patterns certainty. A table below discloses whether the pattern in systematic: Coefficient (B) 95% confidence interval Constant 0.260 0.251 to 0.270 Muslim -0.100 -0.157 to -0.043 Table 4: Regression table of influence of police annoyance In Table 4, we can see that the estimated effect correlates with the mean difference in the likelihood of being annoyed with the police, in the previous part; Muslims are -0.100 (-10%) less likely than those of other religions, to state that they have been really annoyed with the police at one time. In addition, the regression table produces a confidence interval around this data; -0.157 to -0.043 (-15.7% to -4.3%). Since the figure (-0.100) lies between the confidence range, this data implies that we can be quite confident that Muslims experience lower levels of police annoyance, in a systematic manner: If we could create 100 worlds, and re-run the patterns, the true value would lie within the range (-0.157 to -0.043) 95 out of 100 times. Which, therefore, suggests that being Muslim decreases an individuals likelihood of being annoyed by the police, 10% less than those of other religions. In addition, as both figures in the confidence intervals are negative and the range is narrow; this allows us to be quite confident that the pattern is systematic. However, we cannot be 100% certain. Analysis Part III: Is this pattern causal? There are other possible factors that could explain the correlation between Muslims and dissatisfaction in how police handle situations. These confounders vary from the mechanism I examined earlier; around police interactions around Muslims. For instance: An individuals area of residence could impact the way the police interact with them. It is more likely for those living in deprived areas to experience injustice from the police, and therefore, hold negative images of police officers. They are also more likely than those in urban areas to have issues with police officers, as their neighbourhoods are likely to have high rates of criminal activities. In addition, police staff may be prejudice against people living in rural areas, labelling them as criminals, and therefore, treating them in a different manner. It could also be due to gender. As female criminality is not as common as those of men, police are known to focus on male suspects. Especially as there is a high rate of young male offenders in this century, male suspects are more likely to be annoyed by the police. In order to test both hypotheses, a further regression was carried out, which includes neighbourhood area (urban) and gender (male) as control variables (as defined above). Coefficient (B) 95% confidence interval (Constant) 0.141 0.081 to 0.202 No religion 0.147 0.089 to 0.206 Christian 0.077 0.019 to 0.134 Hindu 0.012 -0.088 to 0.111 Other religion 0.109 0.021 to 0.197 Lives in urban area -0.017 -0.039 to 0.005 Male 0.073 0.054 to 0.091 Table 5: Regression model of influences of being annoyed by the police We can see the impact of my control variables, as shown in Table 5: Living in an urban area: living in urban the areas, is associated with a decrease in being annoyed by the police by 0.017 (1.7%). Although this effect seems minimal, it could increase dramatically depending on how rural/urban an area is labelled as. However, here, we cannot be confident that the pattern is systematic, due to the confidence interval containing positive and negative figures (-0.039 to 0.005). Gender: males in the community are more likely than females to be annoyed with the police, or how they handled a situation; 7.3% (0.073). Here, we can be very certain that the pattern is systematic because the confidence interval range is very narrow. In order to concentrate on my main area of interest, I pay particular attention to the difference in how the police deal with those of varying religions. We can analyse a contrast among both versions, in a chart shown below: Coefficient (B) 95% confidence interval Original model (no controls) -0.100 -0.157 to -0.043 Second model (with controls) -0.099 -0.157 to -0.042 Table 6: Comparison of effects of police annoyance on Muslims This suggests that the gap in how police interact with those of different religions, is almost identical in both models; whereas, in the original model, Muslims are 10% (-0.100) less likely to have been annoyed by the police, and 9.9% less likely when controls are added. We can still be quite confident that Muslims are less likely to have been annoyed by the police, as the confidence intervals in both remain almost unchanged, and remain narrow. This indicates some proof of causality; however, we cannot be 100% confident. While keeping reverse causality in mind, to further investigate whether there is a causal effect, we can be quite certain that it does not apply in this context. In other words, we would not infer that experiencing a dissatisfying experience with a member of the police causes an individual to become Muslim. Limitations conclusion In this research, I researched whether Muslims are more likely to have been annoyed by a member of the police. I assumed that they would be more exposed to the negative experiences and qualities of the police force, especially after 9/11. A period where Muslims would be forced to endure discrimination by society and the justice system (random searches, presumptions of terrorism, etc.). However, I came to find that my presumption was incorrect. I utilised the 2014-15 Crime Survey for England Wales study. This typically involves a questionnaire that examines the degree of crime and victimisation in areas of England and Wales. From this survey, I discovered that: Muslims are less likely to be in a situation, where they became irritated by the police, in comparison to Jews, Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, and those who do not follow any religion. Also, I found that we can be quite convinced that the pattern is systematic. When allowing for the possibility of alternative factors impacting Muslims experiences with the police, income and gender, the results of their experiences remains roughly identical. There is little or no possibility of reverse causality being possible in this context, as interactions with the police would not necessarily cause someone to follow a certain religion. However, a few limitations can be found in this study, altering the way findings are gathered and construed. For instance, there could be other factors that clarify the link between being of Muslim religion and being irritated with the police. In this case, Muslims may be less likely to report their victimisation, especially reporting against a police officer. In addition, the Crime Survey for England Wales may be less available to Muslims than those of other religions, creating a bias or unrepresentative sample. Another limitation is in the way the question is asked; towards you or someone you know. This question includes others interactions with the police (or someone you know), therefore, although a respondent did not personally feel irritated by the police at a given point, the would report some form of police annoyance. Therefore, data collected could be inaccurate, as their responses could affect the way the statements are interpreted. As a result, data would suggest that those of other religions are more likely to have been annoyed by the police. Although certainty of a causal effect is not definite, my inspection of the data indicates that a causal effect of religion (being Muslim) on how the police interact with individuals does exist, in some manner. Bibliography Cainkar, L. (2002). No Longer Invisible: Arab and Muslim Exclusion after September 11. Middle East Report, [Online] 32(224), pp. 22-23. Available from: http://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006context=socs_fac [Accessed 15 Mar. 2017]. Jikeli, G. (2011). DISCRIMINATION OF EUROPEAN MUSLIMS: SELF-PERCEPTIONS, EXPERIENCES AND DISCOURSES OF VICTIMHOOD. 1st edn. [ebook] Nova Science Publishers, Inc., pp. 1-3. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gunther_Jikeli2/publication/289972827_Discrimination_of_European_Muslims_Self-Perceptions_Experiences_and_Discourses_of_Victimhood/links/56b2596708aed7ba3fedcded.pdf [Accessed 15 Mar. 2017]. Rowe, M. (2013). Policing beyond Macpherson. 1st edn. Routledge, 2013, pp. 109-111.   Ã‚  

The dud Essay -- essays research papers

In â€Å"The Sacrificial Egg† Chinua Achebe presents the conflict between an African civilization called Igbo and Westernization, specifically Europeans. The story focuses on Kitikpa, a god of smallpox, ravaging the people of Umuru as seen from the emptiness of the market named Nkwo and the story’s main character Julius Obi as he indirectly experiences the effects of the evil god (Votteler 14). Being of African descent Achebe believes that no African writer can betray his heritage (Landow). As the story progresses the effects of the Europeans coming into contact with the Igbo people unfolds as it is seen from the prosperous Nkwo market, the fear imposed by Kitikpa, and the emptiness Julius experiences. The setting of â€Å"The Sacrificial Egg† provides the reader with a historical background regarding the issues seen in the story. The story takes place along the Niger River in Africa during the large up growth of European colonization as seen throughout Africa. The great market situated on the Niger River â€Å"was still busiest on its original Nkwo day† (425) despite it’s overflowing effects onto neighboring civilizations. Through the colonization of Umuru, many other close by inhabitants of Africa much like Julius Obi with Standard Six certificates discover work opportunities as clerks of the European Palm Oil trading company (Votteler 14). â€Å"Sometimes when the Chief Clerk was away he [Julius Obi] walked to the window and looked down on the vast anthill activity† (426). The people of Umu...

Marketing Mix of the Berocca

1. 0 Abstract In this report, the aim was to analyze the marketing mix of Berocca according to our group’s survey and questionnaires. Marketing mix includes product, price, place and promotion. In terms of the survey and questionnaires, some results were givens and analyzed. In addition, some personal suggestion will be presented. 2. 0 Introduction Berocca is a brand of effervescent drink and vitamin tables, the tables contain comprehensive vitamin B group and vitamin C. At first, Berocca was made by the Roche Pharmaceuticals, but in 2005 Bayer’s global acquired the Roche Consumer Health and Berocca is made by Bayer. Berocca is the NO. 1 multivitamin brand grocery trade with 49% market share in 2009. † (Nielson, 2009) It is popular around the world, such as the Unite Kingdom, the Unite States, the European Union and China. In this report, the marketing mix of Berocca has been analyzed detailedly from product, price, place and promotion. Some results have been analyzed based on our group questionnaires. From the questionnaire, our group calculated some data. In terms of the data, the consequences were found clearly. Additionally, the report’s main points will be concluded and the personal recommendations will be given. 3. 0 MethodologyDue to achieve the research of Berocca from 4Ps, Rina, Shupeng, Beverly and me, we made up a group. We surveyed on the internet and in the university library. Furthermore, we discussed together and made a questionnaire with 11 questions. Then we did the questionnaires at the bus station outsides the Brent Cross. We did 30 questionnaires.4. 0 The results and analyses of Berocca marketing mixIn this section, according to the questionnaires the Berocca marketing mix will be analyzed and our group made some diagrams based on the questionnaires, we got some data, in terms of the data the results will be concluded.4. 1 Product Product means the goods-and-services combination the company offers to the target market. (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010) According to the question 8, Why do you buy Berocca? [pic] This is about the functions of product. Berocca effervescent tables contain many kinds of vitamin, such as vitamin B and vitamin C. These vitamin are all good for health, they can boost immune system. If you always work hard, when you feel tired, you can drink it, as a result, the tables can help you become more energy, therefore, you may work well and improve efficiency.Referring to the bar diagram, the people who are in different age category, they buy Berocca main because Berocca is good for health and to work well. Few people just want to taste. 3 under 18 people have bought Berocca for good taste. Between 20-30 ages, the number of people wants to taste is the same as people want to work well. The quantity of people buys it for health is one more than others. Between 30 and 40 age, 14 people are willing to buy Berocca, there are 8 people buying Berocca due to want to work well. Just 3 people of 50 plus bought Berocca for healthy.The reasons why most adults bought Berocca are the people are working and studying hard, they need more energy to work well. When they feel tired, they drink it, so they may be full of power to work and work efficiently. They drink Berocca also can improve immune system. They need more vitamins because they work too much, Berocca is good for health.4. 2 Price Price is the amount the consumer must exchange to receive the offering. (Solomon et al, 2009) It is based on question 7. What do you think of the price? [pic] This is about the price of product. Every bottle of Berocca is sold in stores bout ? 5. Personal idea, it is a little expensive. Maybe its bottle materials and production process cost much more. As a result, the price of Berocca is a little expensive. According to the bar chart, the majority of people think the price of Berocca is average. The number of people who think the price is cheap is the same as the quantity of people who think the price is expensive. In the adults, there are 20 people think the price is average. It occupies two thirds in 30 people. It is obvious that most adults will buy Berocca and they think the price is average.Because most adults have a stable income and most tim e they work hard, they need Berocca much more than young people.4. 3 Place Place includes company activities that make the product available to target consumers. (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010) Referring to the question 6, Where do you usually but Berocca? [pic] This is about the place where sell Berocca effervescent stables. They most distribute in Supermarkets and all kinds of pharmacies. Consequently the Berocca’s target markets are adults. In terms of the graph, there are 12 people bought Berocca in Tesco, most people bought it in pharmacies. People under 18, only 3 bought it.There are 27 people who the age over 20 buying Berocca. It is based on the results, the reason why Berocca is sold in supermarket and pharmacies. Because in most situations, the majority of adults will buy daily necessaries and medicines in supermarkets and pharmacies. In terms of the results, they show us clearly, most adults will buy Berocca and they buy the products in Supermarkets and various pharma cies. Adults need the Berocca much more than young people.4. 4 Promotion Promotion includes all of the activities marketers undertake to inform consumers about their products and to encourage potential customers to buy these products. Solomon et al, 2009) According to the question 4, How do you know Berocca? [pic] There are many kinds of methods promoting a product. For example, advertisements are obvious one of the methods, such as TV, magazine and internet. The reason why Berocca make more advertisements, because with the development of technique more and more people use computer, Berocca through putting the advertisements on the websites to promote its products. People may often work hard and enjoy themselves on the internet. It is a good promotion based on internet. It can be seen form the histogram, there are 13 people find Berocca on the internet. people know this product from TV. Just few people know Berocca from the magazine. At last, there are 5 people know Berocca from oth er ways. Most adults know this product. These numbers illustrate people who often work with computer knows more about Berocca than young people under 18. When they work hard, they may survey on the internet, in addition, they may find the advertisements of Berocca. Berocca’s functions are good for health and help people work well. When they feel tired, they will buy it and have a try. Consequently the purpose of Berocca promotion will be achieved.5. ConclusionIn conclusion, referring to the analyses of Breocca marketing mix, it is obvious that Berocca have a good marketing. Firstly, Berocca make most people know the product of function. Secondly, Berocca sell its products at the correct place and the products correspond with the right people who are adults. Thirdly, it is successful to promote its products. Berocca know people work hard and use computers, it catches the emphasis, when people feel tired and need more energy, they see the advertisements, and they will buy Beroc ca. Personally, I think Berocca should add more promotions.For example, it can sell products as any 2 for ? 8. Because the price is a bit high for most people who are working hard and having a normal incomes. When people meet some festivals such as Christmas, Berocca can decrease directly the price, they can sell more products. All in all, if Berocca do more promotions, it may be more successful and achieve the goals easier.6. 0 Reference‘BEROCCA FIZZES WITH A NEW EXOTIC FLAVOUR' 2009, Checkout, 35, 9, p. 76.Marketingteacher. com (2012) Marketing mix. [Online] [Accessed: 27/08/2012].7. 0 AppendicesThe questionnaire and charts

The Vietnam War Essay

The Vietnam War Essay The Vietnam War Essay 1. The French were involved in a war of Indochina prior to the American involvement. Trace the causes of this conflict and describe the key events and general course of the French Indochina War. Traditionally, the First Indochina war started in the French Indochina in 1946 and ended in 1954. The war was a fighting or conflict between forces from France and their Viet Minh opponents. Numerous factors were involved in the conflict including the French Far East Expeditionary Corps from the French Union led by France. The Vietnamese national army supported the French against the Viet Minh whose leaders were Vo Nguyen Giap and Ho Chi Minh. The large part of this conflict occurred in the northern region of Vietnam called Tonkin, although the fighting engulfed the rest of the nation, spreading to the protectorates of the French Indochina in Cambodia and Laos (Young, 1991). After the French reoccupation in Indochina after the Second World War, the region being in control of the Japanese, the Viet Minh started a protest or rebellion against the French authority that was in control of a number of French colonies in Indochina. The few initial years of the conflict involved rural uprising that was increasingly low key against the French. Nevertheless, after the communists from China arrived in the Vietnamese northern border in 1949, the fighting took another turn and became a conventional war between two forces that were armed with modern weapons (Jian, 1993). The forces of the French Union included several forces from the rest of the former empire including Tunisia, Algeria, Laotian, Moroccan, Vietnamese, and Cambodian ethnic minorities. While the plan of pushing the troops of Viet Minh into launching a war on the excellently defended base was validated, the lack of materials for construction, air cover, and tanks prevented an effective defense, leading to a decisive defeat of the French forces. The Geneva conference made a provisional decision to divide Vietnam into two regions, the north, and south. The northern region was the Vietnam democratic republic under Ho Chi Minh, and the south was the Vietnam state under Bao Dai (Jian, 1993). 2. Explain how the American involvement in Vietnam was a consequence of the Cold War, including how the Truman Doctrine was related to initial U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Anticommunist sentiments in the United States were the main factors elucidating on the participation of the U.S. in Vietnam. First, America believed that overt aggression from the communists in Asia posed a significant and direct threat to its interests in the continent. It is clear that Indochina was the main region in Asia challenged by the presence and aggression of the communists. As a result, the decision of 1950 to provide direct help to the region was a crucial policy choice allowing and accepting the responsibility of the United States in preventing the hegemony of communists in the Asia. This direction of the policy was subsequently concentrated on in the following years, first by the Korean War and then by the escalations between Kennedy and Johnson during the 1960s (Gettleman et al., 1995). It was also applied and used to both the expansible powers of the communists. Concerning China, the United States was directly worried about its involvement in regions as Korea because it feared that such an attack would determine the involvement of the Chinese in Indochina. Furthermore, when it came to the Soviet Union, the United States feared the Russians were keen on attaining domination over the world. All these fears are what led to the crucial policy paper NSC 68 that urged for a sufficient military protection or shield to curb the expansion and growth of the Soviet Union and stop the aggressive actions that where directed by the Soviet Union. Consequently, the paper policy was crucial as it represented the practical extension of the Doctrines by Truman (Gettleman, et al., 1995). Other than the importance of foreign political aspects as critical determinants of the involvement of America in Vietnam, the factors like its domestic situation were also crucial. First, the McCarthyism wave had swept through the nation during the 1950s. This trend depended on the argument that the U.S. had suffered numerous failures during the Cold War, not because of limitations of power, but through the significant presence of communist voices in its government, an accusation equal to treason. Because of this, the administration had to take actions to defend itself from allegations of being too weak to fight communism. Furthermore, the Truman administration experienced a lot of pressure to come up with policies that would prove its resolve of anticommunism. Such policies included containment that would favor an unwavering stance in Indochina to stop the expansion of Communism (McCormick, 1989). 3. Describe the rise of Diema to power, his conduct as a leader of South Vietnam, and his demise. The first South Vietnamese president or leader was called Diem. After the wake of defeat and withdrawal of the French from Indochina because of the accords of a Geneva conference in 1954, the leader led a crucial effort to build the Vietnam republic. The leader achieved victory during the 1955 plebiscite that was increasingly deceitful after accumulating considerable support from the United States because of his strong anti- communism ideologies. He was a Roman catholic, and because of this, he pursued policies that were religiously oppressive and biased against the Montgnard natives and its majority components of Buddhists. However, his policies were widely challenged and met with protests. Amid the numerous religious protests and disagreements that caught the attention of the whole world, the leader lost the support of the American patrons (Jacobs, 2006). He was assassinated together with his brother. Their killer was an aide of Duong van Minh a general of the ARVN called Nguyenn Van Nhung. He was killed during a coup in 1963 that deposed his administration. As the crisis with the Buddhists increased in 1963, Vietnamese nationalists who were non-communist and the military started to get ready for a coup. Minh and his supporters overthrew Diem’s government in a quick coup. With only the palace guard staying to protect the leader and his brother, the organizers of the coup called to the palace asking the leader to surrender in exchange for exile. However, Diem and a number of his close allies escaped to Cholon where they were captured. The two brothers were killed in the back of a personal carrier by the captain with orders from their leader, Minh (Jacobs, 2006). 4. Was Ho Chi Minh more of a nationalist that a communist? Explain your response by citing historical evidence that supports your claim. Many people in the U.S. strongly believe that Ho Chi Minh was a staunch communist. The public was flooded with tales of the leader’s visit to China and Russia. There were stories of how the communist support for him was used to take over and establish a stronghold of the communists in the southeastern part of Asia. However, many individuals fail to hear the rest of the information (Chafe, 1986). Under his leadership, Vietnam had some sort of support and an alliance with the U.S. during the Second World War the Japanese, was their common enemy and gave them a common ground where the communists provided support to the dismissal of another outside invader. After the war ended, the leader set up structures in the government in the country assuming that the country would go back to being a sovereign state (Demma, 1989). The leader himself made several overtures to America and other nations for support as he sought independence for his country. Even the declaration of Vietnam of independence showed the nationalist views of Minh. He realized that America was not going to provide him support for independence, so as a pragmatist, he turned to China and Russia for support. As it follows, he walked a thin line between being a communist and nationalist, and played the three countries without letting go of his independence. Many believe that his ability was a crucial indication of his diplomacy. On the other side of this equation, the leader was a thorough and true communist. He breathed and lived ideologies of communists and was ruthless when it came to attaining them. Many think that he was a contradiction of his ideologies. He was known as an ultimate nationalist and an excellent communist leader (Demma, 1989). 5. In what ways was Johnson’s escalation of the American involvement in Vietnam a continuation of Kennedy’s policies? In what ways, if any, were Johnson’s decisions related to Vietnam a departure from Kennedy’s policies? Johnson’s escalation of the involvement of the U.S. in Vietnam was not a continuation of the policies of Kennedy. As Johnson took over the presidency after Kennedy died, at first he did not consider Vietnam a priority and emphasized on the creation of his Great Society and social programs that would result to social progression. However, his priorities soon changed when he declared war against communism in 1963. This declaration came when Vietnam was deteriorating particularly after the coup that led to the death of Diem. Johnson reversed the disengagement policy by Kennedy from the region by withdrawing a thousand troops with his NSAM to accentuate the war. Johnson saw the Vietnam War as a way to appease his personal coalitional corporate base of power and to make use of the patriotism tide to falsify a consensus in the domestic arena to make way for his personal policies (Schandler, 1977). When it came to the military goals, Johnson wanted to stop the spread of communism ideas from China, and that together with the war’s gradual escalation could be won without the approval of the international forces. He depended on the ideology that a slow war escalation could keep people from developing an interest in Vietnam. Furthermore, the gradual escalation would maintain the Chinese and Soviet Union from declaring war against America. He made crucial miscalculations by choosing to escalate the American intervention in Vietnam. He used a lot of funds to fight in a war that he could not win. Kennedy had different policies from Johnson regarding Vietnam in a number of areas. For example, he did not rely on American resources to win the war in Vietnam, unlike Johnson. His policy towards Vietnam depended on the assumption that the forces of Diem would ultimately defeat the Vietnamese guerrillas without the involvement of the U.S. He did not support the deployment of American forces because he knew doing so would lead to widespread negative political and military effects. This is different from Johnson who deployed a significant number of American troops in Vietnam (Schandler, 1977). At you can order a custom essay on Vietnam War topics. All essays are written by highly qualified writers from scratch!

What to Expect From a Chinese Fortune Teller

What to Expect From a Chinese Fortune Teller Having one’s fortune told through Chinese fortune telling (ç ®â€"å‘ ½, suan ming) is a routine practice in Chinese culture. Consulting a fortune teller is nearly compulsory before major events, like Chinese New Year, wedding engagements, and the birth of children. Whether for entertainment or out of a strong belief in superstition, getting your fortune told by a Chinese fortune teller can be a memorable experience. Here is what to expect when it comes to prices, methods, and more. Cost The cost of a fortune telling session varies based on the city, fortune telling method, and what specifically the recipient wants to know. Getting an answer to one question, like finding a lover or a job, costs less than getting an overall fortune for the coming year, decade, or life. Basic fortune telling in Taipei starts at $15. Where to Find a Chinese Fortune Teller Fortune tellers can often be found in or near Buddhist and Taoist temples in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Outside of China and Taiwan, fortune tellers can also be found in Chinatowns around the world. What to Expect The fortune telling session takes place at a table or desk with the fortune teller and customer sitting across from or next to each other. In many instances, there is little privacy as fortune telling tables or booths are located next to each other with just a flimsy wall to partition them. In many large cities like Beijing, Hong Kong, and Taipei, it is possible to have your fortune told in English. Methods There are over a dozen types of Chinese fortune telling methods, but nearly all are based on the Chinese Almanac. The most basic method of Chinese fortune telling in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and other countries like the U.S. remains virtually the same regardless of location. All a person needs to have his or her fortune told, or that of a friend of family member, is the  first and last name, birth date, and age. For Westerners, be sure to add one year to your current age because the first year of life in Chinese culture is counted at birth whereas babies in the West do not turn one until a year after their birth. Additional information like time of birth and a person’s address is sometimes required for certain fortune telling methods. Oftentimes, fortune tellers use one or more methods to reveal your fortune. For example, palm and face readings or ‘bean’ fortune telling may be combined with  basic fortune telling  to generate a more accurate reading. Other methods that a fortune teller might use include coin divination,  Chien Tung or Chinese fortune sticks,  bird fortune telling, or using  red divination blocks to tell your fortune.

Social Research Methods Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Research Methods - Case Study Example There are various reliability measures which include observer reliability, test reliability, parallel reliability, and consistent reliability. This involves the efforts to establish where their observations are consistent with the others, example a study involving the interview of two individuals then there is a need to compare the two observations and establish whether the results from both observations are consistent and therefore reliable. In test reliability we try to establish the correlation between studies undertaken in two time periods, it is evident from research that given the same sample and undertake the study after a short time period than the higher the correlation but if we took the same sample and the have a longer time period then the lower the correlation. This involves testing reliability using any set of questions that tend to yield same results, in a study questions can be split into two where the second part tends to establish the same results as the first part, this way the similarities will help establish whether the results are consistent and reliable. This involves establishing a single measure of consistency on a group of participants at the same time and try to establish whether the results are consistent, this helps in determining whether a study undertaken on the group will be consistent. All the above methods are used in establishing whether the results of a study are reliable or not, however, the methods have their strength and weakness but they are important in determining reliability. The validity can be defined as the best approximation of truth of inference, however, the validity of a study does not depend on the use of good study design or even use of good samples in the study. Validity measure is divided into four including conclusion validity, internal validity, construction validity and finally external validity. Conclusion validity involves comparing the results of the study and the conclusion, for example, if in a study we want to establish the relationship that exists between variable A and B and that A causes B then if we conclude that A causes B then the results are valid.

Radical Approaches in Journalism Research Paper

Radical Approaches in Journalism - Research Paper Example This paper will cover journalism in the western democracies and how the works of two philosophers have influenced the journalism process in these western parts. The two philosophers to be covered in this case are Slavoj Zizek and Jean Baudrillard. Slavoj Zizek was born in the year 1949 and is known to be a Slovene Philosopher as well as a cultural critic. He writes on a varied range of topics which include: culture studies, psychoanalysis, political theory, theology and film theory. Zizek is an individual who aims at provoking the society to think anew about many issues that happen around. His work in the eyes of many is seen to represent one of the two current notions of a progressive substitute- that of socialism rather than organizational imagination. There are two major themes of evaluation of ideas from Zizek which are lack of firmness in argumentation and failure to point out an effective alternative in his condemnation of current economic, social and political arrangements. Hi s political and philosophical positions have always been known not to be clear because of his lack of proper argumentation. He critiques have also made him known as a failure since he lacks consistency in his work. He has claimed to offer support to the revolutionary project by Marxist but one thing that has made the project unclear is his lack of vision. Zizek’s work is generally known to lack facts of history which makes his work be more provoking rather than infighting.sighting. In this case he is generally known to bring on confusion because he contradicts what is produced by other individuals. Information disseminated to the public through various ways is contradicted by his own findings because he lacks historical facts and has poor argumentation. This gives a clear impression that individuals who go through his findings are usually confused since they do not know whether to believe Zizek or other sources of information. It makes it difficult for people to understand th e happenings around them due to contradiction that occurs between the sources of information. In the western democracies, Zizek has played a role in undermining the importance of journalism because of his undertakings. Journalism is meant to brief people on all that happens so as to keep them posted but is has been difficult for them to understand because of Zizek’

Overreaction Hypothesis and Contrarian Strategy (the efficiency of Essay

Overreaction Hypothesis and Contrarian Strategy (the efficiency of financial markets) - Essay Example The OR hypothesis states that investors overreact to information, and that there are two ways by which investors exaggerate their reaction. In the face of bad news, for example, some investors think that the reality is worse and react over-pessimistically, while some think that the reality is not as bad as it seems and react over-optimistically. So while bad news can be factored in by rational investors according to EMH and their effect on the value of the stock can be calculated before these investors begin to do anything (buy, sell, or hold), some investors are claimed by behavioural finance proponents as acting in irrational ways, making decisions based on their overreaction to information. The effect of overreaction is a large decline in stock prices when pessimistic investors begin to think that the bad news is not true and that the reality is much worse than it really is. The opposite effect holds in the face of good news: investors may overreact and think that the reality is better, so they buy stocks in the market. This shows that some investors are biased in the way they interpret information, and this bias causes stock price anomalies that can be exploited by investors by using a contrarian strategy.

Autism and Mental Retardation Essay Example for Free

Autism and Mental Retardation Essay Respond to the following: 1. List the primary features of autism. Children with autism are unresponsive to others, uncommunicative, repetitive, and rigid their symptoms usually appear before the age of three. An autistic individual will have difficulty sustaining employment, accomplishing household responsibilities, and leading independent lives. Furthermore, they express having problems displaying closeness and empathy and have limited interests and activities. The characteristics seem to be pronounced as indifferent in physical care and affectionate expressive interest in those who are taking care of them. Verbal communication and language impairments and inability to use speech are often primary features of autism. Some autistic individuals may exhibit Echolalia a echoing of phrases used without apparent understanding. Some may even repeat sentences a week later, this is called delayed echolalia. Their variation of speech difficulties include; paranormal reversal, difficulty in naming objects, lack of verbal understanding and use of suitable tone in their voice while talking. Some noticeable characteristics that often expose autism are their lack of imagination while playing, rigid, abnormal and repetitive behaviors, failure to accept environmental change and obsession with animate things and inanimate things. They express repetitive and unusual motor movements like flapping their hands, and odd facial expressions. Below is a checklist the DSM has provided for a guideline to diagnosis of autism. 1. A total of at least six items from the following groups of symptoms: A. Impairment in social interaction, as manifested by at least two of the following: (a) Marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate social interaction. (b) Failure to develop peer relationships appropriately. (c) Lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people. (d) Lack of social or emotional reciprocity. B. Impairment in communication, as manifested by at least one of the  following: (a) Delay in or total lack of, the development of spoken language. (b) In individuals with adequate speech, marked impairment in the ability to start or sustain a conversation with others. (c) Stereotyped and repetitive use of language, or idiosyncratic language. (d) Lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play. C. Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities, as manifested by at least one of the following: (a) Abnormal preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest. (b) Inflexible adherence to specific nonfunctional routines or rituals. (c) Stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping or twisting). (d) Persistent preoccupation with parts of objects. 2. Prior to 3 years of age, delay or abnormal functioning in either social interaction, language, or symbolic or imaginative play. 2. Which explanation for autism is no longer considered valid and lacks research support? The sociocultural model lacks support and the theory suggests that autism could progress through particular personality characteristics of the parents. These characteristics generated unfavorable development and contributed to the development of the disorder. This theory is no longer considered. 3. What forms of treatment are helpful for a person with autism? The treatment that is helpful for a person with autism is behavioral therapy, communication training, parent training, and community integration. Psychotropic drugs and certain vitamins have at times aided when joined with other approaches. Behavioral therapies consist of therapist using modeling and operant conditioning. In modeling they exhibit a chosen behavior and direct the individual to reproduce it. In operant conditioning, they reinforce such behaviors, first by shaping them, breaking them down so they can be learned step by step and then rewarding each step visibly and consistently. These measures often create more purposeful behaviors and long term achievements. Communication Training is a therapy that is often taught to those individuals who remain speechless. They are taught other forms of communication, including sign language and simultaneous communication, a method combining sign language and speech. They also learn  to use augmentative communication systems, such as communication boards or computers that use pictures, symbols, or written words to represent objects or needs. In some programs teachers try to recognize essential underlined forcers rather than insignificant ones like food or candy. They encourage participation in choosing an item they want and then encouraging them to ask for it with questions like; what’s that? Where is it? And whose is it? The studies have found that child- directed interventions increase self-initiated communications, language development, and social participation. Parenting training programs train parents so they can apply behavioral techniques at home. They are provided with instruction manuals, and teachers do home visits. Individual therapy and support groups help parents of autistic children deal with their own emotions and needs. Community integration is a great tool for autistic individuals, In today’s school and home based programs there are programs for autism children to teach self-help, self-management, and living, social, and work skills as early as possible to help children function better in their communities. There have been many workshops and group homes available now for teenagers and young adults with autism to help them become a part of their communities. These types of programs give parents a since of relief as their child will always need supervision. 4. List the criteria for a diagnosis of mental retardation: The DSM-IV-TR gives guidelines to the diagnosis of mental retardation. Individuals need to display general intellectual functioning that is well below average, in combination with poor adaptive behavior. As well as having a low IQ score of 70 or below. There should be notable difficulty in communication, home living, self-direction, work or safety. These symptoms should appear before the age of 18. 5. Explain one way in which sociocultural biases in testing might pose problems for assessing mental retardation. Sociocultural biased in testing that might pose a problem for assessing mental retardation is IQ testing. IQ testing in some children has caused them to be labeled retarded when they had trouble speaking the language at a level that would establish their IQ. 6. Of the four levels of mental retardation, into which category do most  people with mental retardation fall? Mild level – IQ ranges from 50 – 70. â€Å"They are sometimes called â€Å"educably retarded† because they can benefit from schooling and can support themselves as adults† (Cromer, 2011). 7. What are the main types of biological causes of mental retardation? The main types of biological causes of mental retardation are Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, and fragile X syndrome. 8. What is the only way to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome? The only way to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome is to not drink during pregnancy. 9. What are normalization and mainstreaming? Normalization and mainstreaming are educational terms; they reference the settlement of mentally retarded individuals within ordered classrooms. This is to make sure these individuals can intermingle and learn along with typical fellow students. The school systems have made adjustments and adaptations to their core curriculum and the teaching given to the mentally retarded child. 10. What is your opinion about mainstreaming and normalization for children and adults with autism or mental retardation? I agree with mainstreaming for a person who is suffering from autism or mental retardation. Autism runs in my family, and I have a cousin who is the same as age as I am and she did not receive mainstreaming when she was younger and she is severely handicapped I believe because of this. On the other hand, our classrooms are overcrowded and teachers are experiencing challenges within the so called â€Å"normal† population. Labeling these individuals at such an early age incorporates stereotyping within the classroom and can cause even more hardship for those individuals. My ex-husband’s brother had an autistic child who is thriving and even attending college classes at a University. He did have special schooling and went to private therapies. His success was through behavioral therapy and parenting training. I would say mainstreaming should be considered on the level of the disorder. If the disorder is extreme, then consideration should be given to the teacher and her other thirty something students. It is a hard question when in fact someone could be mildly retarded or highly retarded and the school system really needs to know just where the individual stands with their language ability and social ability. Resource: Comer, R. J. (2011). Fundamentals of abnormal psychology (6th ed.). New York, NY.