International Youth Forum Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International spring chicken Forum - Term Paper ExampleWe are expecting to have an average of 800 audiences per day. The charges for the tickets will be quiet on the years of the show.The speakers have agreed to receive 50 percent of their fees right after the political platform and the remaining after 45 days. The speakers are professionals and some of them are from different parts of the world. Their fee varies from 3,200 to 6,800 per day.The artists pass to a single agency that has agreed to charge a lump sum fee for the built-in programme. The agency promotes art derived from various cultures in the world. Due to the close connection between our motives, it has agreed to admit us a discount.A local restaurant owner has volunteered to take care of the brunch arrangements. He has provided an estimation of 14.55 per plate. The payment for the brunch will partly be paid after 30 days of the programme.A situation where the actual income would be less than the expected income by more than twenty pentad percent has been considered. In such a situation, the trigger can recover the difference by conducting a Fund Raising Show. The artists agency that has agreed to perform in the Forum has also volunteered to work hand-in-hand with the Foundation in the future.The Foundation also intends to encourage the youngsters participating in the Forum to promote the Foundations activities in their countries. This mistreat is expect

Marketing Communication Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing Communication Plan - Essay Example(Varey 2002) It is a challenge because of the accompaniment that every day newer modes of communication are being invented and more than rapid to that is the accelerated rate of exploitation these modes creatively. Those marketers who still rely solely on the traditional methods and deny any chances of creativity in the selling communication, they are ultimately at a high risk, in most of the cases, of being left prat by the more creative marketing communication fancys, which are capable of appealing the customers in more efficient manner, provided the claims in these communication plans are supported by the product availability and quality. (Taylor 2004) The knowledge federation is not the only dimension that the marketers need to consider, rather there are multiple dimensions that need to be considered and duly examinen care of while conceiving, developing and implementing the communication plan. These factors allow in the changi ng behaviours and preference of the conduct audience, the need of the product, availability of alternatives, communication plans of the competitors and so on. Thus it is imperative for the marketing communication planner to take into account all these factors while developing a marketing communication plan. (Hooley et. al 1984)In the beginning, this plan ordain analyze the market situation with reference to the abovementioned products. Various dimensions of the market will analyzed in this regard, such as, consumer demand, search behaviour, brand loyalty, market characteristics and definition, sales and suppliers market shares, market dynamics (innovation, new accession and price trends), product innovation, manufacturing and trade, entry conditions and price trends. Analyzing the market situation is very essential to build an sound communication schema, thus this would occupy most of the space and will be referred frequently in the subsequent parts of the report. After the an alysis part, the second step would be the development of the objectives for the marketing communication. This will include both, the marketing goals and the objectives and would be aligned with the situation of the market already analyzed. Afterwards, we will develop the statement of strategy. This strategy statement will identify and highlight relevant public, logic, and communication channel, type of medium and timing of from each one strategy. Once the statement of strategy has been developed, our next step would be to sketch the profile of the target audience and each targeted segment of the market from the dimensions which are of the key significance to the marketers and those who implement the marketing communication plans. Afterwards, we will explore and analyze various tactics and plan of marketing action plan. After this, we would move to comment of the concerned 3 Ms of the production (which includes, man and women, money and monitoring). Lastly, critical path of these a ctivities will be developed in order to ensure successful and effective implementation of the plan.Analysis of the Market piazzaConsumer demandIn a recent market research report by

Without topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Without topic - Essay Exampletype of a fallacy is highly common among politicians who, rather than commenting on the issue at hand, try to blame the other party in regulate to create hype especially among the media. This successfully distracts the opponent as well as the audience and media from the headspring or issue at hand. These personal comments might even affect a voters opinion more or less the opponents political position.One recent usage of this fallacy is when death chair Obama, during his speech, said that Gov. Romney would ask the middle class to pay more in valuees to give another $250,000 tax cut to sight making more than $3 million a year. Its like Robin capital in reverse. Its Romney Hood (Scott Neuman, Web).It is clear that President Obama is trying to discredit this opponent Gov. Romney by saying that he would introduce such a system in which the people belonging to the middle class would be taxed higher and people who are rich would benefit. This statemen t might turn the middle class people against Gov. Romney. As a response to this statement, Gov Romney said that, Weve been watching the president say a lot of things about me and my policies, and theyre just not right. And if I were to coin a term, it would be Obamaloney (Scott Neuman, Web). This is a clear example of an Ad Hominem fallacy as both the opponents are trying to damage the reputation of each other in order to gather high voted from the public. They tried to comment on the policies and even gave each other name calling like Romney hood and Obamaloney.Analysis of Argumentum Ad Logicam is a type of fallacy in which a person creates a disagreeable argument before disclosing the actual argument as it is easier to defeat the real case. It is similarly known as a straw man fallacy as a person creates a sketch of the opponent in his mind (straw man) in order to counter the opponents argument.An example of this fallacy is president Obamas recent statement against Gov. Romney in which he says that, Were certainly not

Training and Appraisals Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Training and Appraisals - Case Study ExampleQuestionnaires can also be utilise in this process. During the course of a weekly job role, it is understood that employees interact with different members of the organization routinely and therefore many dimensions of their attitude, motivations and competency ar known by others in a way that is non by the manager in charge of their job. This is why many businesses choose the 360 degree system for feedback as it gives a much clearer picture of the productivity levels and professionalism being displayed by the employee as they perform their job role. By including customers, which is sometimes done in this process, they can understand whether performance and professionalism targets are being met efficiently in relation to customer service. Customer service is often one of the most important competitive advantages that a business can have, therefore inclusion in the evaluation process has many advantages to the business. One health care o rganization utilizes questionnaires in development of the 360 degree system in order to provide lucidness about each job role being assessed and analyzed. In this process, employees negotiate with their manager who their reviewers will be and are advised to select as broad a range as possible from batch they work with on a regular basis (Carmichael, 2009, p.74). Interesting to this approach is the ability to choose other individual in the organization that they feel could use relationship improvement to act as an judge (Carmichael). By doing this, they ensure that non-biased assessments are conducted to provide as much accuracy as possible. There are critics of the 360 degree feedback system that believe employees game the system, meaning that they will create social agreements about order information as a form of mutual back scratching (Maples, Harris & Greco, 2010, p.2). This is why there should be a non-biased person involved in the process to ensure that questionnaires and other feedback is provided as accurately as possible and identify when bias might be present. However, despite this criticism, many companies find success in these efforts and are able to have a clearer picture of what is actually happening in the employee environment when their managers/supervisors cannot be present to observe all daily functions. Alliance Unichem Alliance Unichem operates in a very diverse, international and multi-cultural environment with a workforce of approximately 30,000 people nationwide. Business representatives in this company work with customers in Belgium, Greece, Turkey, Norway and Spain (to name only a few countries). After a merger occurred, the company had considerable care merging diverse cultures due to the many different social and cultural backgrounds of its many employee demographics. To help avail cultural integration, Alliance Unichem chose to launch the 360 degree feedback system. By gaining cross-cultural perspectives as external and inter nal companion and management ratings, the company was able to identify key opportunities for understanding cultural principles in each land of operations. The feedback provided from

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Auditing - Essay ExampleAudit luck refers to anything that will prevent ABC charter Accountants from giving a correct and an appropriate audit report about Zebra.Inherent risk take ups the risk that the operations of Zebra within the period had issues that could lead to material misstatements or errors (Collier and Agyei-Ampomah, 2010). This will include the risks that staff members and managers in Zebra can conduct certain fraudulent or wrong activities in course of the operation of the company. The open inherent risk involves the pressures and changes that occurred in the period. The obvious increase in the credit period which gives external entities addition to funds meant for Zebra and this causes an extended lock up of capital which could lead to the significant defaults and losses to the company. There is likewise the risk of staff members overstating their earnings and their sales in assemble to gain the commissions that have been offered. Finally, the pressure to plug in the Australian Stock Market provides the risk for Zebra staff members to overstate the asset position in order to attain a favourable view before various investors and the Australian public.Control risks involve the possible action that the controls put in place by Zebras management and directors will be overridden in a appearance that could lead to fraud or errors in the financial statements (Pickett, 2010). This involve the risks of the EFTOS system being abused by some parties in the company to lead to fraud and error. Secondly, the risk of people overstating their sales and indulging in unethical practices plays a significant role in overriding the systems. Additionally, the management of Zebra could override the systems if they all flub in groupthink and they all second the need to get listed to expand the firm. This could lead to major problems and issues that can involve the complete disregard for internal controls.Detection risks is the possibility of ABCs

How communication flows, Organizational diversity and Conflict Essay

How chat flows, Organizational diversity and Conflict management - adjudicate ExampleThe second form could be the one that starts from the lower or middle management and goes up towards the top management. A common example of this kind of communication flow is in the type of protests and rallies that build up at the lower level and the lower management wants to make sure that their voice gets heard adroitness the top cadre of the governing body. The third communication flow could be in the kind of peer to peer communication and interaction. This means that the employees and the actioners at the same level communicate within their own capacities and as such(prenominal) there argon no hindrances arising from the whole communication matrix. Apart from this, within an organization the communication alike flows in a stately as well as an informal manner. Where the communication is more formal and sophisticated, the interaction is usually done through paper and written requests wh ereas the informal talk is also called grape vine and is mostly done in a casual manner without any such paper work to document the very same. Proper and smooth communication can only flow within an organization when there is complete understanding of the message at all possible levels. The barriers within the communication outgrowth should be removed as this is known as the noise factor in the whole communication matrix. Within an organization, the communication should always be of a formal nature so that there are no problems and grievances for all concerned.Organizational diversity means what kind of organizational working a participation usually has within its folds. This could be in the form of a concentrate fashion or a company which has a decentralized approach as far as its working methodologies are concerned. The centralized diversity of an organization understands the fact that the supreme basis of instructions and commands rests with only one single ships company and all the other staff members encircle this post of

Media, Culture and Society Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Media, Culture and Society - concession ExampleFrom the research, the number of distaff celebrities covered in the newspaper was gener entirelyy lower than that of males in all the newspapers. For instance, in the Daily Mirror, the number of males covered during this limit was 12 as compared to that of females which was 6. This gives approximately 33% of female celebrities out of all the celebrities covered. About 90% of the women in the magazines had their images underdressed. On the other hand images of men were closely clothed. In the field of sports, the male to female dimension was 31.From the research, the number of female celebrities covered in the newspaper was generally lower than that of males in all the newspapers. For instance, in the Daily Mirror, the number of males covered during this period was 12 as compared to that of females which was 6. This gives approximately 33% of female celebrities out of all the celebrities covered. About 90% of the women in the magazin es had their images underdressed. On the other hand images of men were well clothed. In the field of sports, the male to female ratio was 31. Most of these newspapers showed the dominance of celebrities aged between 16-32 years. Those beyond this range were under-represented with an average percentage of or so 20%.the newspapers covered very little regarding children. In addition, the newspapers presented various attitudes concerning the lading and body sizes of celebrities. Words such(prenominal) as sexy and hot were associated with slim and light weighted ladies. On the other hand, the perceptions of ladies having a weight exceeding 55kg were portrayed negatively. Most of these papers emphasized on sliming. For instance, both the The Daily Mirror and The insolate had an article headed How to slim in 1 month. Several conclusions can be pulled from this study. Generally, the males dominate the renown field. This implies that gender equality is suppressed in the Newspapers. In ad dition, young people are the majority in the newspapers. It can be concluded that those represented are in the sexually active age. The older contemporaries is inactive and hence least covered. Another important issue regards the field of sports. There are fewer females participating in the field of sports. From this, it is clear that females are not adequately presented in sports activities.

A Cornucopia of Views on Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Cornucopia of Views on Democracy - Essay ExampleAristotle, Hobbes, Locke, Mill, and Kant be philosophers who have taken human nature and native laws into consideration when they discussed democracy. Hobbes, for one, digs into mans dear to life and survival. fit in to him, natural laws are governed by the fact that man needs to fight for his survival. It is natural for man to render peace in his life but if he gets into conflict with others due to competition, diffidence, and glory, then he has the right to defend himself in order to restore his peace. With competition, he fights for gain, with diffidence, he fights for safety and with glory, he fights for his own reputation. Thus, although he seeks peace and knows he deserves it without hurting anybody if he is threatened of such peace, then he can profit war in order to get his peace back. Hobbes also contends that a persons rights, when renounced or transferred to others, are entered into sociable contracts, such as when p ot hand their rights to a ruler. This means that all persons must mutually equalise to transfer their right to a political sovereign or in Hobbes term, the acres of Leviathan. It is also hold that this state punishes violators of the agreement to obey the laws of society. The rulers power should come from the natural right of people to live in peace. Similarly, Locke believes that man is governed by natural law but goes boost in saying that it is the disclosure of human reason which restricts the egoism of pure self-interest such as having ones exclusive peace.... Hobbes also contends that a persons rights, when renounced or transferred to others, are entered into social contracts, such as when people entrust their rights to a ruler. This means that all persons must mutually agree to transfer their right to a political sovereign or in Hobbes term, the state of Leviathan. It is also agreed that this state punishes violators of the agreement to obey the laws of society. The ru lers power should come from the natural right of people to live in peace. Similarly, Locke believes that man is governed by natural law, but goes further in saying that it is the manifestation of human reason which restricts the egoism of pure self-interest such as having ones soulfulness peace and liberty, and promoting more sociable benefits. Locke proposes that man has three basic natural rights to life, liberty and property. When people entrust a leader to these, it should not be absolute but only partial. Rulers are also susceptible to the temptation of hoarding power. People are comfortable obeying the government as long as their individual rights are protected, thereby enhancing their freedom. Should they feel that it fails to do so, or that government violates their rights, they would feel the need to fight against it to notice their rights. Aristotle believes that the state should cater to the needs of its citizens and does not exist only for the sake of maintaining live s, but more than that, achieving approximate lives. He believes in communal service, that all citizens should share in the administration of justice and should not embolden one to live only for himself. Those who are self-sufficient and do not need others to survive are seen as outcasts because it is believed that a social instinct is implanted in all people by nature. Since

Nursing intervention Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing intervention - Personal Statement ExampleIn this regard, the complaints of the patient must be meticulously explored through obtaining a tell apart ophthalmic narrative, careful assessment of the patients eyes and performing a applicable diagnostic procedure desire the slit-lamp examination.As regarded above, obtaining a complete ophthalmic history, careful assessment of the patients eyes and performing a relevant diagnostic procedure like the slit-lamp examination are essential aspects in making a sound judgment on the patients case. correspond to Vader & Krouse (2001), an ophthalmic history encompasses the obtainment and utilization of the clients demographic data, current clinical manifestations, historical health history or past medical history (PMH), psychosocial history and lifestyle, and family health history. These facts are deemed vital and important because they flush toilet certainly assist the health providers to have an accurate evaluation and understandin g close to the patients condition.Demographic data, especially the age and s... On the other hand, clinical manifestations, or signs and symptoms, such as loss of vision and flash must be suggestive of a particular visual disturbance like glaucoma or refractive errors. So, it is also important to take note of these manifestations as well as the complaints of the patients for further assessment and evaluation. Further, the patients past medical history (PMH) end also provide valuable facts in relation to the visual manifestations. For instance, the forepart of ocular disorders is commonly seen in persons who have existing diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases. In addition, histories of allergies to medications and substances that can precipitate ocular reactions or eye irritations are also investigated to determine how these factors displace the clients ocular/ophthalmic health. Moreover, psychosocial history and lifestyle, including the patients line of credit and daily act ivities, can also aid in the assessment as they provide information about the predisposing factors related to the patients condition such as exposure to substances that can irritate the eyes and other practices that affect ocular health. In this way, as a student nurse, it is important to ask the client about his/her amateur activities and occupational history, and whether the client wears glasses to protect his/her eyes or not, in order to establish relevant facts (Potter & Perry, 2001). In the same manner, family history provides data on the likelihood of having eye disorders that are hereditary, or genetic, which can run through generations. These familial disorders include strabismus and refractive errors such as myopia, or

OUTLINE THE MAIN CRITICISM OF THE CULTURAL IMPERIALISM THESIS MADE BY Essay

OUTLINE THE MAIN CRITICISM OF THE ethnic IMPERIALISM THESIS MADE BY MEDIA GLOBALISATION THEORISTS. ARE THESE CRITICISM VALID - Essay Example on that point are two theories that explain media ball-shapedization which include media imperialism and modernization. Globalization is the process by which contemporary smart set and other countries are connected and interrelated by pagan experiences and trade communication. Global sale of films, media products and the profits brings together people in the developing countries and western countries in direct contact2. Cultural imperialism concept is utilize to refer to the cultural influence of a developed country on the developing nations. Cultural globalization is the emergence of beliefs and values that are shared by the entire world.The critics of the cultural imperialism believed that cultural imperialists do not have empirical explanation and practical evidence. Cultural imperialism involves spreading modernity whereby it leads to cultural loss tho not cultural expansion. There has not been any group of conspirators who spread any specific culture. However, global economic and technological advancement decreased the value and importance of national culture3. It would be baseless to pass judgment global development to any one culture. The idea of cultural imperialism or voluntary cultural success is not relevant. Instead, all the countries in the world irrespective of their location are subject to worldwide cultural change.Cultural imperialism is not valid because what the people watch in the mass media can be profitable to them. Certain programs aired by the western media have a positive influence on the deuce-ace world countries depending on whether to use them or not for instance, some countries staged a revolution aft(prenominal) watching certain programs aired by the western television. That does not mean the audience were compelled to doing so plainly because they found it necessary because they h ad the belief that it was the best way.Western cultural imperialism is considered irrelevant because some third

Article Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Article Critique - Essay ExampleAccording to the article, the effectiveness of the creation relations in schools raises the persistence and achievement of students. The achievement of students is influenced by the involvement of p atomic number 18nts in school, and the schools that encourage amply level of involvement of parents perform better as compared to their counterparts. When parents remain unaware of the behavior of their children in school, they rec everywhere it difficult to ensure whether their children are performing well in schools. With the involvement of parents in schools, the students feel creditworthy and the parents are able to keep track of the progress of the students in schools. Thus, an effective balance is created through human race relations in schools. The author has used numerous secondary sources in order to add concreteness in the article. The author provides this information in the literature review part of the article and the sources of the informat ion are as well provided. Thus, it can be said that the information provided in the article can be relied upon and the sources used by the author are authentic. Schools that depends only on teachers are limited to the knowledge base that are brought by the teachers, however schools that utilize public relations and bring people from different aspects of the society in classrooms enrich the knowledge base of students. ... Parents from working-class or lower-class tend to turn over the responsibility for their childrens education to the school completely. The involvement of parents in schools may mobilize and create resources that are non generated otherwise. The resources the likes of the knowledge of local traditions and customs that could be useful to students are held by the community and the faculty at schools may lack this knowledge. Therefore, by using public relations, schools can involve the representatives of the community in the system of education and enrich the educati on experience of the students. With the involvement in schools, parents would be able to go out what resources are necessary for the improvement of the education of their children thus parents would be able to help the schools in pooling the resources. The close relate of teachers with the families of the students will also help the teachers understand the background of the students and in this manner the teachers will better understand the students behavior. The article highlights one of the main issues with public relations in schools, that is, the power relations. The minority parents are non involved in the schools therefore they do not have their say with regard to the improvement of the educational system at schools. The opinion of the powerful parents is given more importance therefore their opinion dominates over the opinion of the minority parents. This is one of the problems with the public relations in schools. The article also highlights that schools do not provide op portunities for empowering students in the society. The traditional curriculum focuses mainly on the transmission of knowledge but not on development of the personality of the students. The public relations in schools can be

Employee benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employee benefits - Essay Example(EMPLOYEES BENEFIT/EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION (ERISA).The flexible benefit programs reduce the dutiable income of an employee, as health insurance premiums are deducted from the paycheck before calculations of taxes. This gives the employee the benefit of a higher income for spending, and reduces the essence of the employer in making provisions for a higher income for spending. (FLEXIBLE BENEFITS. OVERVIEW).The key work outs affecting the choice of benefits from an employees sight are the choice that is offered in benefits, and the possibility of exchanging one benefit for another. From the employers point of view, the choice of benefits enables goodwill and pauperization in an employee, and reduction in total employee benefit costs.The key role that communications plays in increase the perceived value of benefits is that speech pattern of the benefits accruing to the employee provides a feeling of caring among the employees, and this acts as a moti vating factor that works both in terms of retention as well as productivity. (Glasscock, S. & Gram, K. 1999. WORKPLACE RECOGNITION). gender is one characteristic that distinguishes particular groups, and women form the special group in this category. Minority groups make up the second category of special groups, and may be distinguished, by several factors, which include color, caste, creed and ethnicity. (Griffith, W.R. and Hom, W.P. 2001. RETAINING set EMPLOYEES).The key factors that need to be taken into consideration when designing a compensation strategy for special groups is that they not be discriminated against on the basis of their grouping, and that they be treated as individual employees with no emphasis on their gender, color, caste, creed, and ethnicity. (Griffith, W.R. and Hom, W.P. 2001. RETAINING VALUED EMPLOYEES).The executive pays have always been on

Digital Technology in the Film Avatar Assignment

Digital Technology in the Film personification - Assignment ExampleThe creatures of Navi were not only virtually knowing but the whole Pandora, landscape, flora, and fauna add to the believability of the gentlemans gentleman (Valk & Arnold, 2013). In 2010 the movie was selected for eight British Academy Film Awards and won the BAFTA prize for Best Production design and unique visual outcome.Stereopsis is an visual illusion where our forefront sent our eyes the signal to visualize a two-dimensional object as a three-dimensional object. This optical illusion has been utilize as a trick in the 3D film Avatar. The film has used high tech active glasses face by side liquid crystal display (LCDs) in place of lenses. The two LCDs opened and close alternatively and synchronized with the figure of speechs on the screen via radio transmitters in the theatre thereby inducing the brain of the viewer to form a three-dimensional illusion. Except for few sequences, there was no camera used in the studio where Avatar was made. The actors movement was recorded by motion amaze which suited their body movements and facial expressions. James Cameron integrated the digital image of the characters with a 3D image of the virtual environment of Pandora generated in real time so that he could see the 3D world as he directed the movements of the actors and could remake a scene if he did not like it (Straubhaaar,2013). ocular effects can be described as animation done in support of become action plates and it is primarily about surroundings and noncharacter dynamics. Avatar takes this idea further. The technology of visual effects makes us believe that fantasy places like that of Navis Pandora as depicted in Avatar exists in reality. From the beautiful landscape of Pandora to the rich regal blue skin of native, to the techniques used in conflict scenes, Avatar was a medium for visual pleasure. Visual imageries have played a significant parting in the film. There was a visual similarity between the cryo-pod from which Jake, the protagonist emerges and the casket in which his chums body was cremated depicts the connection between them. Avatar has employed racial stereotypes about race and personal identity and offered strong female characterization. The critical reception of Avatar holds both awe and disappointment because although the film employs three-D digital performance capture it has been caught hold by old-fashioned storyline (Grabiner, 2012). Thomas Schatz noted that commercialization of film texts coincides with the shift from character to the plot. The danger as per him is that the films are continuously depoliticized as noted in the film Avatar where colonialist and imperialist subtext has been negated by the focus on spectacle, action and special effects. The films narrative plays a secondary role and the complex characterization is replaced by spectacularisation of narrative (Valk & Arnold).

International environmental management and sustainability Assignment

International environmental management and sustainability - Assignment ExampleIn order to secure the prospective of the planet, there is a need to break up down the century footprints. The steps should be taken each and on the mass level to make a difference. There are many ways to cut down the carbon footprints like consuming as less energy as possible, utilizing renewable methods to yield energy, limiting the cutting of forests and planting more trees, using alternate fuel in the vehicles that produce no or less green house gases or utilizing the electric vehicles or covering before long distances by foot or through cycling. In this way, the environmental protection can be guaranteed and the future of the planet earth can be secured (Carbonfootprints.com, nd, np). Diagnostic Base-line I noticed that a larger count of carbon emissions are produced by the vehicles and as the travelling all around the world is increasing, the amounts of carbon emissions are withal increasing. In this way, I aimed to reduce my individual carbon footprints by utilizing cycle or cover the brusque distances by foot. ... In order to reduce my travel carbon footprints, I made decision to never use car for such short distances, instead I use bicycle for such short distance or cover the distance by foot. However, utilizing bicycle is a better option as it covers distance fast. For this reason, I bought a bicycle. The price of the bicycle can be covered by the preservation the cost of the fuel. Every year vehicles are the major contributor in making the carbon footprints amount larger. According to a survey in 2004, it is estimated that rough a distance of fairishly 2.6 trillion miles was covered by cars and light trucks. The distance is as long as rough 10 million complete trips to the moon around from the earth. The estimated amount of miles per gallon an average vehicle gives was about 19.6 mpg, which is improved to a much lower value. An average type of gasoline has a c ontent of about 5.3 pounds of carbon in a gallon. In this way, utilizing a gallon of gasoline in our cars produces about 5.3 pounds of carbon. If the miles per gallon are estimated to 20 mpg for an average car, then for 20 miles a vehicles produces about 5.3 pounds of carbon footprints and thus for a distance of about 2.6 trillion miles, the carbon produces is about 0.689 trillion pounds. The individual production of carbon from travel is about 1.5 tonnes per year. In this way, if a major simplification is made in the travel carbon footprints, the atmospheric carbon footprint can be trim back to a certain lower level. (Science-news.org, 2008, np) Aims The major air is to reduce my total carbon footprints, which are about 5.89 tonnes per year. However, the major contribution is made by my travel carbon footprints, which are about 3.08

Misconceptions of Buddhism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Misconceptions of Buddhism - Research Paper ExampleWhen it comes to godlinesss, people are often command by misconceptions and wrong beliefs. The way in which everybody understands and comprehends religious texts and traditions leads to the movement of all these misconceptions. For many years, Buddhism has suffered a procedure of misconceptions regarding its traditions, beliefs and practices. Among the misconceptions include the three ways of life, practices and beliefs (Nielsen, 2004). 2.0 Misconceptions of Buddhism. Buddhism is termed to be a pagan religion that involves worship of many gods quite a than iodin accepted Christian God. There is also a misconception that Buddhists believe in reincarnation. It is termed that all Buddhists grateful suffering in their live ons they believe that when one suffers or is poor, then she/ he is regarded as a businesslike Buddhist. All Buddhists in the world are to wear robes as reference of their clothing. This is a misconception. A n onher misconception active Buddhism is that Buddhists must endure gruelling meditations in their entire life. Majority of people perceive that when Buddhist closemouthed put their hands together and bow their heads they are praying for a good fortune to come to their lives. It is state that in America, members of shin Buddhism are only Japanese and if non it is for Japanese- American citizens only (Tudge, 2002). Another misconception is a reflection on the appearance of a Buddhist, where a Buddha, is believed to be a Chinese monk who is a fat guy, and are always bald (shaving their heads completely), leaving no sign of any hair on their heads). All Buddhists in the world are said to be vegetarians, taking only vegetables as part of their diets. One of the wide misconceptions about Buddhism among the Buddhists is that all of them meditate more often and always, and they do so eon sitting in full lotus. The Buddhists believe that all roads lead to the same mountain pass -but Bud dhism is termed as the clear route to the top of the mountain (Nielsen, 2004). Majority of people think and believe that Buddhists live in monasteries as either monks or lay people who are secluded from the rest of the people. It is believed that one must be a monk or a lay nun to get enlightened. From the remote behaviours, beliefs and dressing, a misconception has been raised that Buddhists are Idol worshippers. The respect that they give Dalai Lama leads to misconception that Dalai Lama is the head of Buddhism. The favorable and interaction among individuals and Buddhists have led to a misconception that Buddhism is a pessimistic religion, an illusion created, and Buddhist behaviour is a dreadful one serious individuals who dont wear any kind of make-up, and in well-nigh cases they do not leisure at all. The Buddhism religion is termed as one that is boring and rigid that does not allow its faithful to desire any kind of earthly thing such as engaging in sports. The last misc onception is that Buddhism is a reformation or upgrade of Hinduism (Tudge, 2002). 3.0 Reasons for and against misconceptions of Buddhism Buddhism is not a pagan religion just because Buddhists dont concern themselves about God or gods they put their concerns on Dharma who is not a god or gods but the truth or reality. Their belief in reincarnation is aline as the majority of the sects in Buddhism believe in reincarnation in the same way Christians do in God. The misconceptions of the Buddhism of

Save the Tiger Essay Example for Free

Save the Tiger EssayThis article needs additional citations for verification. Please help purify this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2009) Save the Tiger is a 1973 charge about moral conflict in contemporary America. It stars Jack Lemmon, Jack Gilford, Laurie Heineman, Thayer David, Lara Parker and Liv Lindeland. The film was tell by John G. Avildsen. The screenplay was adapted by Steve Shagan from his novel of the same title (the first book by the author of The Formula and other thrillers, and generally regarded to be his most successful novel by literary standards). Lemmon won an Academy Award for his role as Harry chromatic, an executive at a Los Angeles clothing company on the edge of ruin. Throughout the film, Stoner struggles with the complexity of modern life versus the simplicity of his youth. He longs for the days when pitchers wound up, jazz filled the air, and the flag was more than a pat tern to put on a pants pocket. He wrestles with the guilt of surviving the war and yet losing touch with the ideals for which his friends died. To Harry Stoner, the being has given up on integrity, and threatens to destroy anyone who clings to it.He is caught between watching everything he has worked for evaporate, or become another grain of sand in the erosion of the values he once held so dear. spot A bleak story that depicts an outwardly successful man questioning the value of the material successfulness he is desperately trying to maintain, it follows the uncertain path of Harry Stoner, the real tiger (Jack Lemmon), an executive at an apparel company close to ruin. With no legal way to keep the company from going under, Stoner considers torching his warehouse for the insurance settlement.Meanwhile, he drinks, laments the state of the world, and tries his best to keep the business rolling as usual. This endure task is complicated when a client has a heart attack in the arms o f a prostitute provided by Stoner. With nerves still shaky, Stoner takes the stage at the premiere of his companys new line, lonesome(prenominal) to be overcome by war memories. He ends the day spontaneously deciding to go radix with a young, free-spirited hitchhiker, whose ignorance of his generation underscores his isolation from the world around him.At the end of the film, Stoner agrees to the warehouse getting torched and then walks by a Little League game and attempts to act as pitcher to the children. unitary child shouts out, You cant play with us, Mister , leaving Stoner yet again isolated from another assort of society. Production and reception The movie was written by Steve Shagan and directed by John G. Avildsen. Lemmon was determined to derive the movie, despite its limited commercial prospects, and so he waived his usual salary and worked for scale.The movie was filmed in sequence after three weeks of rehearsal in Los Angeles. There is also a novel edition of Save the Tiger, by Shagan the title comes from a campaign to action tigers from extinction to which Stoner contributes. The movie failed financially at the box office, but critics and viewers who saw it liked the Oscar-winning performance of Jack Lemmon as Stoner. wherefore should we save tigers? At the turn of the 20th century, according to estimates, India probably had many thousand tigers in the barmy.In 2002, based on a census using the pug mark technique, this number was 3,642. As per the observe exercise by Wildlife Institute of India in association with National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), governance of India, using camera traps, in 2008 we were left with only 1,411 tigers. This number is so small that they will be gone soon if we dont wake up to the crisis. The tiger is not just a charismatic species or just another wild animal living in some remote away forest. The tiger is a unique animal which plays a pivotal role in the health and diversity of an ecosystem.It is a top predator which is at the apex of the food chain and keeps the population of wild ungulates in check, thereby maintaining the balance between prey herbivores and the vegetation upon which they feed. Therefore, the presence of tigers in the forest is an index finger of the well being of the ecosystem. The extinction of this top predator is an indication that its ecosystem is not sufficiently protected, and neither would it populate for long thereafter. If the tigers go extinct, the entire system would collapse. For e. . when the Dodos went extinct in Mauritius, one species of Acacia tree stopped re-create completely. So when a species goes extinct, it leaves behind a scar, which affects the entire ecosystem. Another reason why we need to save the tiger is that our forests are water catchment areas. Therefore, its not just about saving a bonnie animal. It is about making sure that we live a little longer as the forests are cognise to provide ecological services like clea n air, water, pollination, temperature regulation etc.

The Cable News Network Essay Example for Free

The measuringet News Ne twainrk EssayThe Cable News Network (CNN) is considered as one of the most respectable institutions in the field of intelligence agency reporting. The CNN is a television network owned by the Time Warner as the news division of the Turner broadcasting System. It is a television network that renders a 24-hour news coverage which includes the events that atomic number 18 taking place in other countries. According to Nielsen, a statistical organization measuring TV ratings, CNN ranked number two in America, trailing behind Fox News in terms of total audience (Project for truth in Journalism, 2007). Due to its respectable position in its chosen field, its reportage should be characterized by truthfulness and accuracy. To stress further the importance of news reportage, it is better to present it with statistics and statements. For instance, a news report that pertains to blood line utilizes mostly statistics, while some news reports that are politics-re lated quote the various officials pertinent to the news story. unitary of the recent news today which is widely debated and deliberated is the $700 jillion bail-out fund intended to help out the riotous institutions due to the financial crisis that the nation is experiencing.Poppy Harlow, one of the CNNs newscasters, made a report about the bail-out project. The of import objective of Harlows reporting is to explain the meaning and the intention of the rescue bill and why the political science is wiling to release such funds for it (Heres the plan, 2008). The 110-page bail-out proposal has been finally approved by the Congress. The minor legislative backstage released the bill last Sunday evening. It is expected that the bill will take fast-track motions up to the Senate by Wednesday.The bill is based on the proposal of the Treasury Secretary, Henry Paulson, who requested the government to acquire troubled businesses so the banks can start lending money and perform properly (S ahadi, 2008). The bill mainly features the Troubled asset Relief Program (TARP). Through this program, the government will buy assets that are experiencing financial crisis. The fund released is reach to the fund Paulson requested, but the first $250 billion will be allocated to save the U. S. economy. The members of the reign political parties in the U. S.are concerned with the possibility that the taxpayers will pay for the bail-out proposal. Thus, they added several conditions to protect the taxpayers (Sahadi, 2008). Poppy Harlow inform the facts in a straight and concise manner. She did not exaggerate nor make the story light. She made the story sensible to each American and delivered it in such a way that every American would be concerned with the prevailing issue. Though the news report lacks direct quotation, she included the previous statements of Henry Paulson, the Treasury Secretary, about his proposal and his plans before it was approved as a bill.This supports the n ews story, feeding the public with information that they might miss. The statements are also utilized as an score or additional information for the news being reported. The news report also provides an example of what might happen if the plan will be carried out (Heres the plan, 2008). Poppy Harlow reported with fairness. She rendered the news without much difficulty. In this way, people coming from various sectors will be able to fancy the news.The words are not highly-technical, and if there are words that are relevant for the public to know, Harlow provided an explanation or a working definition of the concept (Heres the plan, 2008). In news reporting, the statistical data, testimonials, and the examples play significant roles in the news report, for they further expound the topic or the news reported for the better dread of the audiences.ReferencesHeres the plan Congressional leaders reach a tentative agreement on a $700 billion economic bailout plan. (2008, phratry 28). CN NMoney.com Webcast Transcript. Retrieved September 28, 2008 from http//money. cnn. com/video//video/news/2008/09/28/news. harlow. bailout. 092808. cnnmoney Project for Excellence in Journalism (2007). Economics. The State of the News Media 2007. Retrieved September 29, 2008 from http//www. stateofthenewsmedia. org/2007/narrative_cabletv_audience. asp? cat=3media=6. Sahadi, J. (2008, September 28). Rescue bill unveiled. CNNMoney. com. BigCharts. com. Retrieved September 29, 2008 from http//money. cnn. com/2008/09/28/news/economy/Sunday_talks_bailout/index. htm? cnn=yes.

Acid Rain Essay Example for Free

Acid rain EssayAcid Rain is rain, snow or fog that is begrime by sour in the atmosphere and damages the environment. When fossil fuels ar burned they release broadly speaking CO2, but they alike release two harmful gun for hirees, due south dioxide and various nitrogen oxides. The sulphur dioxide, SO2, comes from the sulphur impurities in the fossil fuels. However, the nitrogen oxides atomic number 18 created from a answer amongst the nitrogen and the oxygen in the air, caused by the heat of the burning. When these gasolinees mix with clouds they form dilute sulphuric venereal disease and dilute nitric pane. This hence falls as savage rain.Cars and power stations are the main causes of Acid Rain. Acid Rain has effects on plants, soil and even buildings. The acid reacts with the limestone and then the limestone begins to erode. From previous knowledge, I know that limestone has the chemic formula CaCO3. Limestone, chalk and marble are all calcium change. When an acid reacts with a metal change (such as calcium carbonate) the fizzing shows that a gas is produced. That gas is carbon dioxide, CO2. Adding hydrochloric acid to a shudder sample is one of the tests for a carbonate rock, like marble, chalk or limestone.It is also why these rocks are greatly affected by acid rain. The word equation is for this reply between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water The chemical formulae for this reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is CaCO? + 2HCL CaCL2 + CO2 + H2O The rate of reaction mess be measured by measuring criterion of Carbon dioxide gas that is obtained by the syringe. There were various types of apparatus which I included Goggles Syringe Stop clock Measuring cylinder SpatulaHydrochloric Acid Marble-Powder and Chip turn tube Bung Preliminary investigate. Before actually beginning my investigation, I leave behind firstly ship out a preliminary investigation. This depart help me to see the improvements that I can make subsequently(prenominal) the experiment. I go out be able to see possible downfalls and failures in my method, work out conquer quantities of chemicals to use and generally improve the quality of the final experiment. Below is the slump up apparatus that I will use for the preliminary experiment and the actual experimentThe preliminary experiment is performed so that I can predict the volume of acid, the mass of the turn and powder and the length of date that I will be timing for. 1. Firstly, I set up the apparatus. 2. I will specify a cerement mass of marble using a balance and I will countersink it into the boiling tube. 3. Then, I will measure a quantity of acid and quickly add it to the boiling tube whilst after quickly placing the bung onto the top of the tube. 4. I will record the amount of CO2 gas which is presumption off, e very curtain amount of measure. This will produc e a rate of reaction.For many experiments the rate of reaction can be changed by demasculinizeing curtain variables. For this reaction on that point is no catalyst, in that respectfore we cannot alter this variable. However there are three main variables that could be changed Temperature of the acid this would be varied by starting off with the acid at room temperature (around 24i C) and then using acid with temperatures of 30i C, 40i C and 50i C. absorption of the acid the concentration would be varied three times, using hydrochloric acid with concentrations of 0. 5M, 1M and 2M.Surface area of the calcium carbonate the surface area would be varied by using different sizes of calcium carbonate. I will predict that the 2m acid and the powder will be the fastest reaction as the acid is to a greater extent compact with acid particles in the homogeneous volume of water. This helps more successful strikings contend place between the particles. The more collisions there are the increased rate of reaction. I found out that I should use 1 gram of mass for the chip and powder marble and 30cmi of acid. This is because the reaction is not too fast or slow. I can get an acceptable number of results recorded.I will be using three different concentrations of acid, 0. 5m, 1m and 2m. (m=molar) The time I will be using will be starting at when the syringe starts to move up to 180 seconds. I will be tutelage the amount of acid the same and the mass of the marble so that I conduct a good test. The temperature was kept at 24i C-25i C. Results 0. 5m with chip 0. 5m with powder Mass of chip = 1. 0g Mass of powder = 1. 0g succession (s) intensity level (cmi ) 10 2 20 4 30 5 40 6 50 7 60 8 70 9 80 16 90 17 100 18 110 20 120 21 130 22 one hundred forty 24 150 25 160 26 170 27 180 31 mint of acid = 30cmiVolume of acid = 30cmi Time (s) Volume (cmi ) 10 14 20 17 30 19 40 20 50 22 60 23 70 23 80 25 90 29 100 34 110 35 120 37 130 38 140 38 150 38 160 39 170 40 180 40 1 m wi th chip 1 m with powder Mass of chip = 1. 0g Mass of powder = 1. 0g Volume of acid = 30cmi Volume of acid = 30cmi Time (s) Volume (cmi ) 10 21 20 30 30 36 40 38 50 39 60 31 70 42 80 43 90 43 10 44 110 44 120 44 130 44 140 44 150 44 160 44 170 44 180 44 Time (s) Volume (cmi ) 10 4 20 5 30 6 40 9 50 12 60 15 70 18 80 21 90 24 10 27 110 31 120 34 130 37 140 40 150 44 160 47 170 50 180 52.2 m with chip 2 m with powder Mass of chip = 1. 0g Mass of powder = 1. 0g Volume of acid = 30cmi Volume of acid = 30cmi Time (s) Volume (cmi ) 10 5 20 9 30 13 40 16 50 22 60 26 70 33 80 36 90 46 10 46 110 46 120 51 130 54 140 57 150 57 160 57 170 57 180 57 Time (s) Volume (cmi ) 10 0-60 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 Conclusion. after completing my experiment my results show me that as the concentration of the acid is increased, the reaction wreaks place faster and more gas is produced in a shorter space of time.Due to this I found that the 2M hydrochloric acid (the strongest concentration of acid I used) produced the most gas in the shortest time. The 0. 5M hydrochloric acid (the weakest concentration of acid I used) produced the least amount of gas in the longest time period. I can clearly see from the graph that the 2M hydrochloric acid gave the fastest reaction and produced the most gas in the shortest space of time, because the gradient of the curve is the steepest and goes far high than the other curves showing that a larger amount of gas was produced because the gas produced axis is the y axis.The event that the 2M acid had the steepest curve shows that the reaction was fastest because a large amount of gas was produced (high on the y axis) and in a short space of time (short on the x axis). This will devote a steep gradient on the graph. The 0. 5M hydrochloric acid gave almost the opposite curve when the results were placed on a graph. Not much gas was produced in a long space of time and so the dispose was very gentle and low on the graph.The 2M hydrochloric acid produced the most gas in the shortest amount of time and was generally a quick reaction due to its significant difference in particle emplacement compared to the 0.5M and 1M hydrochloric acid. The more concentrated 2M hydrochloric acid has more acid particles in the same volume compared to the 1M and 0. 5M acid.This means there are more available acid particles to react with the calcium carbonate. The reaction will be quicker when using the 2M acid because there are more particles available to react with. The calcium carbonate particles can react with more acid particles quickly as they are easily accessible, whereas in the 0.5M acid, there are few acid particles in a volume and so some calcium carbonate particles will rich person no acid particles to react with, causing the reaction to be slow and uneventful. All reactions will only occur if there is enough energy to make it happen. This minimum energy is known as activation energy. Act ivation energy is the minimum energy for which two reacting particles must collide for a reaction to take place. When particles collide they slow down, stop, and then fly apart again. This will occur regardless of whether they save enough energy to react.In an unsuccessful collision the particles separate unchanged, but in an effective collision the activation energy barrier is crossed and the particles that separate are chemically different from those that came together. I figure my results are definitely sufficient to support my prospicience. They equal everything I predicted and I am very gratify at how well they turned out. Evaluation I think that the experiment went very well. All my results matched my prediction and everything went according to plan. The gas produced by each acid had a steady increase however there were a few rogue points.Overall I achieved what I set out to do. I would turn over liked more time on the experiment to make sure everything was perfect, thoug h. Due to the short time limit we were quite rushed in completing the experiment. There were a few aspects of the experiment that could tolerate been improved to make the experiment even more accurate. For a start the experiment was undertaken over a few days. Each day had a different temperature and so this would have affected the results. If one day had been hotter than the others the heat would have influenced one reaction to take place faster.Also due to the fact that the experiment lasted a few days, different equipment was being used each day. Some gas syringes were slightly stiffer than others and so wouldnt move out as fast. If on one day you had a very stiff gas syringe that wouldnt move very easily and on another day you had a very prosperous gas syringe, then the results would be very different as the loose gas syringe would give results that say that the reaction happened very fast and the stiff gas syringe would give results that say the reaction was slow.To prevent t his from happening the experiment should have been undertaken and finished on the same day, using exactly the same equipment as you started with for each acid. The initial part of the reaction when the acid first reacts with the calcium carbonate is very fast. A lot of gas is produced at the beginning of the reaction. However the way the apparatus are set up means that when you pour the acid onto the calcium carbonate, there are a few seconds when the gas is able to escape before the gas syringe is committed to the test tube.To avoid this from happening a test tube containing the calcium carbonate should be placed inside a beaker containing the hydrochloric acid. They must not be touching, as the reaction would then start. Then the gas syringe will be connected to the beaker. When the reaction is ready to start, the beaker is knocked so that the test tube falls over, consequently causing the reaction to take place as the acid and carbonate would mix. Then when the initial gas is pro duced it will all be caught as the gas syringe is already in place. The surface area of the calcium carbonate should also have been kept equal.The same number of equally weighted chips should have been used. E. g. all 1g chips. This way the reaction is fair and accurate, as a large surface area will cause the reaction to take place faster. Keeping all the surface areas the same would have kept the experiment fair. However to do this would have taken a long time and we only had a limited amount of time. another(prenominal) way of keeping the temperature the same would have been to do the experiment in a water bath. This would have allowed us to do the experiment over a few days as well.

Gerard Manley Hopkins Essay Example for Free

Gerard Manley Hopkins EssayThe Windhover, by Gerard Manley Hopkins is a poem more or less the essence of raw(a) things. This poem describes the relationship of human beings to the natural world as the poet is addressing God through the bird. It is praising him for all the marvellous things He has created and that humans can enjoy. The poem consists in three verses. In the first verse, the poet describes the office of the bird as it is portrayed as the master of heavens. This verse captures the movement of the bird in the sky. It starts with I caught this morning mornings minion that gives the feeling that the bird is a servant of the sky and it is the morning because it is a good prison term for hunting. Hopkins puts words together like dapple dawn-drawn to portray multi-images as here where the bird is drawn in the sky. Also, the alliteration here produces the assemble of the birds movement in the air and the intensity of the poems feeling. The spring writes that the bird is striding broad(prenominal) at that place and this produces the image that the bird is taking huge steps in the air.The bird as well as go upon the rein of a wimpling wing showing his power and control with ecstasy. The bird has control over the wind. The meter in this verse is very slow, yet smasher. This verse consists in very long sentences that convey the effect that the bird is circling the air with long movements it also reflects the poets feelings. This verse gives as the feeling that he poet has searched very good the words to describe his feelings but at the same time describing the bird. He searches for words that sound as they are written for example sweeps smooth.The second verse consists only of three lines explaining how the bird spots its require and here, the saucer of the bird is more accentuated when the reservoir uses wildcat bag to describe how beautiful the bird is, raze when it is hunting. The word brute has an impact on the readers because this word means violent, wild, but here, the author uses it to emphasize that the yellowish pink is a different kind of dish that it is a magnificent beauty, so marvellous and magnificent that there is no better word to describe it than brute.The poem reaches to the climax when the bird spots the pray and the author writes here buckle as if warning us for action. To be prepared. From now on, the rhythm is more steady with lots of comas and faster than the first verse. This gives us the effect that the bird is now desc leftovering towards its pray. At the end of this verse, the author addresses to God as Oh my chevalier and this is to thank Him for creating such marvellous things as the bird, full of Brute beauty so that humans can enjoy, even though it is only by watching them.When the author addresses to God, the rhythm changes. This matches the ecstasy of the bird in his own physical mastery of the sky. The last verse consists also in three lines, and here, the relationship of hum an beings to the natural world is also portrayed. This verse is more as a pronouncement. Here the author stops speaking about the bird and makes us go through how Gods beauty of creation is in everything, even in things where there is no apparent beauty. This is achieved also when Hopkins starts talking about how the shi er plid makes even ploughing beautiful and how blue-bleak embers are also beautiful. In conclusion, I consider that Hopkins decides to first start talking about the Windhover and about its Brute beauty to then compare it to the beauty found in every thing of creation. He relates human being to the beauty of nature because the beauty found in nature comes from humans sacrifice. The words on Hopkins poem impact me because they make me realise how lucky we are to be part of creation and enjoy the beauty there is from Christs sacrifice.

Eulogy Case Essay Example for Free

Eulogy Case EssayThe necrology is a sh are that most news makeups afford and despite being buried in the back of the newspaper, is a section of the paper that most the great unwashed read, at least in passing. Older people read it to see if they preempt find anyone that they know. Younger people might read it to see how old somebody was when they died or if they are aware of history, to see what famous person might have died. There are also people who are fascinated by others and wish to read what one has accomplished in their support. It is amazing that an accurate life can be summed up in a few paragraphs. What else is amazing is exactly who catchs an obit in the paper at all. The small town papers will memorialize anyone whose in stageion they receive from a family member or other source.That person would pass un noniced except for the kind recollection of their family members still living. This is not the case in the larger newspapers. The wampum Tribune, with a re adership estimated at just less than terzetto million, has limited space and therefore, can only print the obituaries of people who have distinguished themselves in a right smart that society deems worthy. For the week of February 18th to February 23rd, the obituaries were studied to see exactly who was receiving the posthumous abide by of having their name in one of the largest newspapers in the country.The first eulogy is that of Jack Kipp. (1923-2007) (Kates, 2007) The man had humble beginnings in Chicago. His mental and physical deficiencies left him out of service for WWII exactly yet he found his way onto the Midwest Stock Exchange in Chicago, second only to the New York Stock Exchange in size and influence. Mr. Kipp was a man who straddled both financial classes. Since he worked for the Chicago Stock Exchange, he would accurately be considered among the upper class. This would continue as he serve uped form another financial firm in the 1970s and do a good deal of mone y at this venture. barely when he retired, he remembered the people who were not given a chance to reach the heights that he had attained and dribble the hold 16 years of his life tutoring singles into earning their GEDs. His son said that he had a desire to help his fellow man and saw this as his chance to do so. So his social status helps him bond into the Tribune? He lived a long life 84 years, all of them in Chicago. This is a helpful modify factor and the fact that he formed his own investment firm was probably the factor which helped to beneficial his place in the Tribune. Only in the byline does it talk some his volunteer work. This would lead the reader to call up that if he were just a volunteer and did rise to the financial take aims that he had, his obituary would not have been found in the Chicago Tribune but perhaps a local newspaper since the Chicago priming range is able to support dozens of smaller though, significant newspapers.Another notable obituary i s that of Dr. Joan fast. (1919-2007) Dr. Swift was hired as the coordinator of the child development program at Wilson Junior College. In only three short years, she was promoted to the Dean of Directors in 1968 which is a position that she held until 1983. She grew up in New York but exhausted the last 55 years in Hyde Park, a suburb of Chicago.Here are two examples where an individual has lived a long life, most of it in and around Chicago and rose to a moderate level of success to which that success was met by a notable duration. The article did not specify her financial undercoat and even though she did rise to a high level within the teaching profession. The headline and byline of the obituary makes the reader believe that simply a teacher would not have been given so more inches of column space unless the duration of his/her tenure was to the length that it was noteworthy.The third and last obituary is of Dr. Kenneth Rehage. (1910-2007) (Jensen, 2007) He was from the area as a professor at the University of Chicago in the 1960s. This fact alone, on a slow up news sidereal day would ensure his placement within the obituary section of The Chicago Tribune along with his long life. But what made his life even more noteworthy was the fact that he spent the last half of his life preparationting up secondary schools in Pakistan. Not only did he set up schools there but traveled there hundreds of times in order to help rent the instructors there.Dr. Rehange spoke the language and left his home open to students from Pakistan to stay and consider his home and place off from home. He is remembered fondly by his former students even though he stopped teaching in the 1970s. Dr. Rehange was not a man of great wealth and the headline of his obituary talks only about his development of schools in Pakistan. In this respect, his social class was a contributing factor but if he was just another rich man who had died, it does not seem probable that his life would h ave made the obituary section. He was a humanitarian to a degree that is not seen in a day to day basis and that is why he made the Tribune.The Chicago Tribune, reaching a population of millions, has a great deal of space restraint that they have to follow. There has to be a selection address in order to place the obituaries of people who have established their life as one whose shoemakers last will serve as an impediment to some aspect of Chicago and its surrounding area. The kindly inhabit down the street will not be a likely selection to make the Tribune but would rather be a better fit in any of the local papers in the area. Each of the three obituaries that were described had a 1 inch by 2 inch feeling along with roughly 300-400 words used to describe their life.It is impossible for the obituary section to follow this format for every person who dies in Chicago on a given day. So unfortunately, a receive who is extremely important to his family as well as his co workers an d wife of 50 years, will not be seen as important enough to make the Tribune. He has no great wealth, made no special discovery or contribution to science nor did he hit 500 home runs. But if his family wants him to be remembered in print, most towns will have the space available to detail their loved ones life in print in a way that would honor their humble, though important, achievements.LITERATURE CITEDKates, Joan. Longtime Securities Trader. Chicago Tribune February 19, 2007 Section 3 p. 9Jensen, Trevor. Helped Develop Schools in Pakistan. Chicago Tribune February 21, 2007 Section 3 p. 11

Rise of Two Operas Essay Example for Free

Rise of Two Operas EssayThe Italians and the French keep back been two prominent figures in the world of opera practice of medicine. Their music in the field of tragedy has been flourished by history and emerged from different social context and background. Opera traced its roots from Italy. Opera, in its earliest framing loafer be traced from various types of Italian literature. The themes, moods, and subjects of opera can be associated with Italian poetry, drama, and allegory (Kimbell, 1991. p. 19-21).More importantly, opera particularly the opera seria, has originated at the height of the Renaissance period. The Renaissance art were centered on military personnel. It revolve around mans greatness, man as passionate, and as virtuous. The themes of opera described the life of the Italians as a whole, which is according to Luigi Barzini The pleasure of Italy progresss from living in a world made by man, for man and on mans measurement (cited in p. 3). A theme deeply embed ded in reality. Revolving around this theme, opera became for the sole purpose of entertainment.However as Renaissance became a period for the break away of rising ideologies, the face of opera changed into a moving art combined with philosophy and moral teaching. This occupy served the purpose of educating its consultation and not just by mere entertainment (Kimbell, 1991. p. 182). It was Apostolo Zeno and Silvio Stampiglia who created operas that were historical in nature. Stampiglia wrote a series of operas relating early Italian history and Zenos works have long been distinguished as a combination of moral and scholarship significance (p. 183).The Italian opera seria had not been completely tragic but became more serious. Metastasio offered suspense or in Italian sospensione in place of tragedy, in which the audience were presented the internal conflicts of the protagonist. Seeing this kind of progression, the French opera scene has its trend going on as well. However, as men tioned from the beginning, opera had its roots originating from Italy. There were no French composers at that time. It was an Italian national who locomote to France, named Jean-Baptiste Lully who was said to have popularized opera to the French people (Edwards, 1862. . 14).Origins of French opera may have come from other form of arts such as ballet. Ballet has incorporated music with dramatic dancing routines thus making as a basis into recreating a dance that has dramatic dialogues in the form of music (Grouts Williams, 2003. p. 22). Lully gained full monopoly when spreading his music due to his friendship with King Louis XIV. He collaborated with the likes of Quinault to create operas which they called tragedie en musique (Anderson, 2003. p. 3).It is important to note that though it was the time of Rennaisance in Italy, it had been a slow progress for France to grasp the music from other countries. Since Lully gained monopoly for production of operas, the monarchy controlled t he flow of music from outside in accordance to Lullys advice (p. 1). Basing it from here, the themes of the operas that were being compete within King Louis XIVs court still centered on mythical themes kind of than on humanism. The plot of tragedy focused on mythical characters and fictional conflicts (Easterling, 1997. p. 136).

The Future of Graphic Arts Essay Example for Free

The Future of Graphic Arts EssayPublic run fors projects were promoted by Lester Be all told during the 1930s. The depiction of this project is describes as this poster for the Rural Electrification Administration juxtaposes a photograph of two preadolescent people against an abstracted Ameri loafer flag to express optimism for a technologically enhanced hereafter (WebCT, 2002). This is similarly a political populaceifestation in the itinerary of life that t here is a presentation of an wager designed to give hope in a time where at that place argon different amicable problems.However, this was non a new move, as in 1917 there was the use of written fine art in the lick of posters as a reaction against the social condition, and offering the revolution (WebCT, 2002). In the country there was support given to the Russian Telegraph Agency (ROSTA) (WebCT, 2002). If we assist at the direction these posters were made we underside compute why thy were so restrai n, with poster bell ringered by lapse, or attentively only with the use of rough stencils (WebCT, 2002). This limited the amount of posters but inactive the pasture of artists such as Gustav Klutsis and Mikhail Razulevich move upment and employ more than mechanistic methods of reproductions (WebCT, 2002).Nearby in Ger approximately politics was similarly the subject of John Heartfield where he was against the rise of the Nazi place though this use of graphic arts, however, this time the images were more direct with the use if graphic art as a political advertising using photomontages as easy as slogans on a superstarness poster (WebCT, 2002). This was a demonstration of how graphic art could be used to let on emotional aspect regarding public issues and to change the opinions of those watching (WebCT, 2002).This has been used again and against throughout history, with the different communicate against the status quo cosmos depict in images relevant to the conte mporary society (McQuiston and Greer, 1997). Here we pretend detectn the beginnings of the phylogenesis, how society and politics have turnd the way that the art has been developed. If we want to catch to what the future whitethorn hold we contain to unsay a leap and distribute how the more recent past has developed with the use of graphic art. Here we crowd out whence see the way that the foundations were built upon.To under resign this there ar many approaches that arouse be developed. The way in which graphic art has development may be seen in many mediums in many countries. , However , in keeping with the theme of looking to the future we give look at an artist of the past that was both prolific, and seen as looking ahead of his time to what the future would hold. To this end we allow foring consider the role of one of the most influential graphic artists of the twentieth century capital of Minnesota Rand. III. capital of Minnesota RandIn considering a specific wo rk of a tumesce kn stimulate decorator we back end realise how the work influence the customer as well as influenced the wider environment of that of graphic design and the way that the influences that are felt in the short term and the long term. In looking at capital of Minnesota Rands work we female genitalia conclude that he influenced not only his knobs, but as well as appreciate the wider influence he has had ion the graphic design industry in general as well as appreciating the uniqueness of his avouch style, as was demonstrated by the design of many countersign including that of IBM.There are many graphic designers that have had a long lasting impact on the way we see the human beings and interpret its meaning. Some designers have been subtle in the influence and the range of designs that have made a divergence have been anything from showcasefaces to landmarks, but one of the best known, if not by name then by his work must(prenominal) be that of Paul Rand, i n like manner known as Papa logo (Lange 1998). Paul Rand has a wide range of styles and worked in the field of advertising, and lav be seen to have made a great impact, his specially was branding, and the specific work we will be considering here will be the well known IBM logo (Hurlbert, 1979).The idea of a logo that was innovative and had meaning as well as a message may have been new and groundbreaking in the days of Rand, but it is partially due to his wide ranging influence that we ignore see the wide practice of branding has distributen the electric current route. It is alike a shame that in this modern world where the forte of Rands talents lay there has been a parking area practice of branding which has be obtain homogenised and bland (Hurlbert, 1979). This is not a criticism that can be seen to have been levelled at Rand, who not only designed this innovative and clam up used logo.Rand was likewise responsible for logos such as the carriers UPS, Cummins Engines, Yale University and Next Computers (Lange 1998). This logo is unique and the style is appreciate widely, even so if the actual company name cannot be read the distinction is very clear. It was Rands intention to design logos and other works which were not only recogniscapable and identifiable very easily, but overly one that can be seen as having a real meaning, which is demonstrated very clearly by the logo designed for IBM.The brief of any designer in looking to brand an organisation will a lot be sooner vague, there will be a requirement for the Logo to be worthy to the corporate culture, but this in itself is an intangible, and as such it very difficult to describe, it will in any case need to indicate the sphere of operation or characteristics that the client wants the logo to bring to mind when it is viewed by the clients own customers. The IBM logo has be go far well known for its blocked design that appear to indicate a exculpated cut image with is both technological and mere(a), with colours that are seen as safe but also bold an innovative without threat.If we look for the way in which the design was inspired then we may be looking for a very difficult element, in other designs this may be more discernible, such as his advert for El Producto poster in 1953 we can see that there was a message of merry Christmas (Rand, 1953). The actual content of the design can be seen as imitating Christmas as the cigars which are depicted in them are cigar shaped but lot a great deal more enkindle due to the fact they appear in Christmas designs such as we might expect to see on Christmas wrapping paper or decorations for the seen.The inlet here is more easily observed, but this inspiration for IBM must has existed, yet describing his talent and style has been described by some as trying to catch buoy up in a bottle, but we can see inspiration in the way that the logo was used once it had been designed (Hurlbert, 1979). His style was simplistic, and he in additionk the inspiration form may sources, but the need for something that was not elaborate but served as functional is very clear in this design. In the way that posters were ulterior designed to advertise IBM we start to see the inspiration of his humour and the way in which he would runaway ion develops.This can be seen as do a great deal of sense as if we look at the way in which other Logos were also designed there was al ways an innovative way of the company initials being used to convey and communicate the idea of the company and to build up associations regarding the company. Therefore it is fair to assume that the play on words and the way in which the letters were all used were not only effective but also consciously used in such a way. With IBM the design is one that appears to be of technical specifications, but the humour was to come out later.In an advertisement where the logo was to be used there was a change which emphasised the way on which the logo could b e immediately recognised, but would nonoperational gain perplexity rather than be fleecy off due to its familiarity, in this Rand left the M, from IBM and replaced the I with and eye, and the B with a bee (Lange 1998). A play on words, but also on the perception of the product and brand as well as inspiration derived from the everyday world around us, but filled will psychological meaning, putting into place the cite from the beginning of this paper.However, the management of IBM prevented it ever seeing the light of day and being subjected to the customers critique as they did not believe if conveyed the IBM message It was not IBM (Lange 1998). The role he had on the industry as a matter of successes like this was not kept to himself but communicated in the same medium as that of his work, through the printed word in many many manuals on how to design logos and polish their appearance (Lange 1998). In his own words the trademark should embody in the simplest form the essential characteristics of the product or institution being advertised (Rand, 2000).However, if also saw it as the designers job to be able to bring the formality level on occasion, and the way in which he is described as an idealist and a realist using the spoken language of the poet and the businessman. He thinks in terms of need and function. He is able to analyse his problems, but his fantasy is unfathomable appears to embody the form and function where they both appear to be of importance, but the realism and the poetry are also very apparent (Hurlbert, 1979).If we try and see if there are any autobiographic aspects to this work this is a more difficult perspective scarce du to the simplicity of the work, however the work in print can be seen as an aspect of his very early work when he was hired by Esquire magazine (Hurlbert, 1979). The humour that is apparent in the rejected IBM advertisement is also autobiographical as the way in which he sees the world was seen by many who met him as one which encompasses a large full stop of humour as well as parking lot sense (Hurlbert, 1979).In his early days there was a need for succinct design produced at a rapid rate for use in mails shoot advertising and magazine copy, but the need for the inclusion of artistic style was also recognised as many of his works were seen on a regular basis as the Art Directors company (Hurlbert, 1979). If we compare this grounding with the IBM logo, there is both the simplistic that comes with the need for speed, but also the style and saving grace which can be seen as an aspect of art and design.The impression we get of the IBM logo is that it has always well(p) been there, associated wit the company on such as basic level that we are apt to parry its origin for a man who started he career in the 1930s (Hurlbert, 1979). The symbolic content can also be recognised by the colours as well as the breezes. / They appear to be very geometrically spaced, with a great deal of precision not only in the outmatch between each line, but also in the way that the letter line up.The white ion the dour background serves to emphasis this contrast and therefore gives an impression of precision that we now associate with the company. If we consider the way that he may have been influenced by others at the same time there is a petty(a) difficulty as he was seen as a leader rather than a follower, but the simplistic design can also be seen as functional for the reproduction as well as recognition. If we consider the work in relation to Rands other work then it is neither relatively momentous or insignificant, it is a typical example of the way in which function and form were combined.From the advertising campaigns for bloom boards and magazine cover designs as well as the logos there are some common characteristics, such as the idea of the simple being better than the complex, the ability of the design being something that the client as well as the customers can relate t o. When we look at the other Logos this common thread is very well illustrated. However, we can argue that this one logo may also be significant as it is probably one of the best known examples of his work, recognised throughout the globe and unsounded used today.The UPS insignia must also come a close second, but this also consists of the same characteristics, the simple designee, although a little more complex, is immediately identifiable, but in this case the symbolism is also more openly apparent. Other logos such as the Yale University one can be seen to have just now the same style of simplistic function, where form is an art, and as such we can argue that the piece of work studied in this paper could have been substituted for any of his other works and the conclusions would be the same.Although he dies in 1996 the influence he has left on the art of graphic design has not reduced, his work is still studied and admired, and perhaps the best and most significant legacy is the continued use of the works from the man also known as papa logo. In many ways his work can still be seen as relevant, yet it was still as a result of the technology changes that he was able to form these images, and the effective nature of many may be seen as a result of the change magnitude art of typography. Therefore, to understand the development of this we also need to consider the development of typography.IV. Typography Typography is seen in everyday life, from the newspapers we read, the television programmes we watch to the numbers on buses and the advertisements on the bill boards. To what typography consists of we need to look at the characteristics that are present in the lettering. There are many typefaces and different ways for those typefaces to be presented. It is in this development of typography we can argue that the computer has been great influence, allowing for more type faces to be developed and for the uses of these typefaces to be manipulated more easily.Th is has been a boon to the graphic artist, and in understanding the ability to develop an image as simple as a letter using the computer then we can appreciate the way that larger images many also be manipulated. These are used in a great deal all manifestations of graphical arts. The use of a type face creates an image, and even in an item as simple as a menu it has been proven to have a discernable effect on customer perceptions and resulting purchases that are made (Heimann, 1998).When we consider the purpose of typography it has to be seen as more than simply a communication of words, however if we break it down into its smallest component of typography can be seen in the following way The basic unit of all type design is the individual letter. Letters come together to form words, and words come together to form stories (Anonymous, 2000). This is the role of the graphic artist, to present an image that communicates, this may be story, a feeling a perception or just an image tha t will be recalled for a later association.It is in this last section off the quote that we can see that way the typography is used can convey a great deal about a story. For example if we see a film being advertised with typography that is jagged and looks like it is dribble with blood then we can automatically assume that it will be a horror movies of some sort. This is the message that is conveyed in the layout and design of the typography. The typography will be different on a crush than on a science fiction film, due to the different perceptions they create.The advances in the use of the computer here can be seen in the aiding of the design by trying out and manipulating designs without the need to keep making mock up posters and by trying out changes speedily at the click of a button. This can be seen as very useful in a number of ways, it reduces the materials used so that there are greater ranges of possibilitys at a lower cost. The time element is also much shorter, and a s such the costs can be seen as proportionately lower.The need for an expert can also be seen as reduced, with the computer there is no longer the need for specific training as the range of programmes that can be used allow almost anyone with a typing skills can retire on the task of a typographer. Therefore, the range of uses of these type faces and the extent of the styles can be seen as no long only the realms of the professional. Small businesses are able to produce their own business stationary and develop their own advertisements and literature, even a local parish or community magazine that used to be hand types can look like a professionally produced publication.However, when these are used there are still some very basic rules that are followed the advantage with the computer and the ability to see the layout in the beginning a publication is printed on a large scale can be to see that in the briny even those without training or specific knowledge will follow them naturall y. The ability to keep the readers attention is a combination of factors. The low will be the content of the schoolbook, and if we are looking at this from a purely typographical or graphical art perspective then this is not in the encounter of the typesetter (Anonymous, 2000).The design of the text and the size of the text are important as illegible text or test that is uncomfortable to read will loose the interest of the reader just as easily as boring content (Anonymous, 2000). The next items that need to be considered are not so obvious unless you look at a piece of typesetting where they are wrong, and then it becomes obvious. There are the line lengths and the spacing between the words and letters. It is these spacing between letters that can make a publications look professional.Until the computer was in many homes and small businesses the typing would be on a conventional type writer where the space between each letter is the same with no sense of proportion as seen in th e courier and the courier new type faces (Anonymous, 2000). This fixed spacing has become associated with the home produced leaflets that were duplicated with duplicating motorcar or by the use of photocopiers has become less apparent as proportional fonts have been used, examples may be seen as the popular times new roman that is a well used font.The difference here is that the proportional basis of a font means that smaller letters, such as a i or an l will take up less rook than a w or an m, similar to the way handwriting takes place and the pattern is easier in the eye as apparent gaps between letters in the same word will all be the same (Will-Harris, 2000). In addition there will also be the element of the actual line spacing. If the lines are too close together the typeface, whatever it is will be difficult to read and there will be a crowding effect (Will-Harris, 2000).Again the use of the computer enable this to be seen and adjusted before any documents are even printed so out rarely becomes an issue (Will-Harris, 2000). There will also be issues such as the actual form of the entire setting as well as the quality of the reproduction, which may or may not be issues the typesetter will be snarly in. However he how of the typesetting comes together to form a message and communicate an issue or an idea so in this way we can see that the typesetting can be as important as the content, get it wrong and people will not read it whatever it says (Will-Harris, 2000).However, if we are going to consider how the computer has influence the development of typography we can also look to the actual type fonts that are used. There are even programmes able now that can scan a persons handwriting and then code it into the computer as a type face or font so that it will be reproduced when typing. In a broader sense, there have been other wide scale developments directly due to the computer. The use of computers and the advent if they Internet have seen the development of a collection of new typefaces or fonts to cut with the individual situations and specific needs of this medium.Two fonts have been developed by Microsoft with this in mind. Mathew Carter was responsible for the development of Verdana which is a sans serif named after the verdant Seattle region (Will-Harris, 2000). The second is atomic number 31, a bright serif label due to a tabloid headline concerning alien heads allegedly found in the area of Georgia (Will-Harris, 2000). Verdana is easier to read on a shield as the x apex is higher than normal natural endowment the type face a larger appearance without the need for more space (Will-Harris, 2000).There is also special attention taken with the letters that are sometimes easily confused on screen such as i, l and j and I where the formations of the letters is slightly different, with slightly different height to distinguish them more easily (Will-Harris, 2000). Georgian is similar as it still has a higher x point, but not ha s high as Verdana, but is still retains an almost times new put feel about it so it can be used in traditional circumstances, and again can be seen as easier to read simply because it has been designed specifically for the screen, yet they also reproduce well in print (Will-Harris, 2000).Therefore we can see how the computer has impacted on the development of typography, in the way it is used, developed and put together to the actual design of the fonts. It has come a long way in a short period of time, and is likely to go further, especially in the hands of the graphic artists, both in the design as well as in the use. There are also computer aided design packages that will develop new fonts, even for an amateur, such as handwriting fonts of an individual that are scanned in. Here we can see that there is a development with a foil over of the many different art forms and the way in which inspiration impacts on the art.To look to the future we have seen how there has been inspirat ion in the past, and how this has impacted on graphic art, The next stage must be to consider the way in which inspiration may be gained in the future. V. Inspiration The first factor we need to consider here is that the cross over of the different art forms is increasing, a graphic artist may use a camera or paints, a typographer may also be a graphic artist. Expression in the arts has always looked for new and innovative ways to be presented.This have often used newer and more radical as the forum for ideas and inspiration in the search for the ways in which to be inspired and find the spark required for creativity to take place. Just as in any other art form graphic design can be inspired or developed from what is seen around us and the every day mediums which we all come across. For example, we can consider the art of contemporary picture taking. The argument for the adoption and acceptance of contemporary photography techniques in graphic design can be that in contemporary pho tographs we may find more contrasts and forms which are suitable for graphic design.The way in which the pictures are framed and made up with different circumscribe and contrasts in colours may also be more suitable to be adapted and changed rather than a traditional countryside view. They may be developed more appropriately. The best way to demonstrate this is to take two contemporary photographs and examine what may be gained from them by a graphic designer. The way in which they add to an idea or be developed to a specific outcome by providing a concept or a form from which the designer can work. Alternatively the way in which the photography may demonstrate to the graphic designer ways of working.The first photograph we will consider is flaxen Trails, was taken in 1999 by Tony Chumak and can be seen at http//tonychumakstudios. com/GallerySeries8/Tcs_Image_144-24X-A-L. asp. This is only on the boarders of contemporary photography. It is a landscape with a difference, in the cen tre of the landscape is a pattern in the sand which would ordinarily be avoided by the photographer. This photograph demonstrates the way in which contemporary photography can capture metric grain and image, which is only available through this one medium.It is often said that art should convey a social message (Rich, 1998). This is true whether it is fine are or graphic design and whether the purpose of the work ids art or even advertising (Rich, 1998). The use of a photograph such as this can be used to convey many different types of message depending on the context n which the graphic designer is working By looking at this picture aspects suitable for graphic use can be seen. The contrast of the shades of sand caused by the lighting cast shadows which can almost appear live(a) and stark.Natural forms and shapes can lead to very pleasing and easy to use or interpret ideas for a designer. A shape formed by the wind of the sea flows and the graphic designer can take this line and simplicity and translate it to all manner of variable uses. Curves flow through the medium which is clean-handed of life forming shapes which approximately can be seen as more than waves, but of forms in the sand which can be placed together with a little imagination and thought. The adaptation of what is normally straight or fixed into a flowing contemporary shape has long been used in design.

Crossing Ethical Boundaries Between Counselor and Client Essay Example for Free

Crossing Ethical Boundaries between Counselor and Client EssayEli Coleman and Susan Schaeffer, authors of the condition _Boundaries of Sex and thing Between Client and Counselor_, write, _Dilemma_. A woman comes to see a male commission and complains of anxiety and falling off associated with her recent divorce. She is also trenchly concerned about her attractiveness and ability to attract a nonher(prenominal) partner. The persuasion of single life frightens her. After five sessions, she confesses to the direction that she is deeply attracted to him. Although she finds him sexually attractive, she is equally or more(prenominal) attracted to his sensitivity, cargon, and support of her. Emotional intimacy is something her previous relationships exact lacked. And, at ages, those relationships start been abusive.The Counselor does non make do how to respond. He too is attracted and has already fantasized about a relationship with her. But because she is a node, he doe s not dargon reveal his feelings. He spangs that allowing a relationship to develop would be wrong. That, stock-still, does not solve the problem. (Coleman Schaeffer 341).For approximately every individual, having to go to counseling put forward be maven of the around nerve wracking things a they whitethorn contri hardlye to go through during his or her life for whatever reason. Becoming attracted to your exponent, or learning they be attracted to you, whitethorn just as equally give the homogeneous nerve wrackingfeeling. How basis things like this be prevented from happening right from the beginning? Is there not a enroll of morals a advocator must follow to ensure that there is only ever trafficalism during all sessions, and that clients argon only seen during counseling sessions and not pursued at any time outside of sessions?Believe it or not, when it comes to the code of ethics that a advocator must follow with his or her forbearings during sessions, it is ver y vague and easy to see where violations can be do,often times without even universe fully conscious of the violation. Samuel T. Gladding, author of _Counseling A countywide Profession_, states, Some forms of un good behavior are obvious and testamentful, whereas other are more subtle and un markal. Regardless, the slanderous outcome is the same. (Gladding 59), in addition to that, What types of intimacy are appropriate? What types are not? These dilemmas are approach by proponents at one time or another. (Coleman and Schaeffer 341).Most platforms spend little to no time addressing the prohibition against sexual contact with clients, yet it is the most commonly violated of the ethical principles. Melba J.T. Vasquez writes in her article, _Counselor-Client familiar Contact Implications for morals Training_. Kathy Hotelling, author of _Ethical, Legal, and Administrative Options to Address Sexual Relationships Between Counselor and Client_, sheds light on the fact that, Man y clients do not have intercourse that sexual relationships between counselor and client are unethical and, in some states, illegal. They also do not know that they can file a complaint nor do they know the avenues available for doing so.Unfortunately, many counselors also may not be aware of these facts. (Hotelling 233). The article Hotelling writes is all about educating victims of ethical abuse during counseling, because counselors can not only be an abuser, just a victim as well. After a few counseling sessions, Dave asked his counselor to go carry a cup of coffee, and he agreed. Initially, Dave was flatte florid that his counselor liked him enough to spend time withhim outside of counseling. He enjoyed the counselors company and thought it would be nice to have him as a friend.Meeting in this setting, Daves counselor told him much more about himself and that he was having marital problems. Again, Dave was flattered by this display of trust. It made him feelimportant. As time went on, Dave and his counselor began to see more of all(prenominal) other socially (e.g., having dinner together, playing racquetball, inviting each other to parties). At one usher Daves counselor call him, look for support. The counselor had just wise(p) that his wife had asked him for a divorce. At this point, Dave began to question the value of his counseling sessions. (Coleman Schaeffer 343). This is a perfect example of roles being reversed, and the counselor becomes the victim in this situation. Counselors, like many of all of their clients, can have their own problems overtaking on outside of the office. However, even if the counselor sees one of their clients in an outside setting, the roles should never become reversed. This becomes an ethical breach in the sense that vulnerability, and weakness come into play for the counselor and the client can return advantage of this, and begin their own form of manipulation on how the sessions may play out.According to Theodor os Giovazolias capital of Minnesota Davis, authors of the article _How common is sexual attraction towards clients? The experiences of sexual attraction of counselling psychologists toward their clients and its impact on the therapeutic process_, state in the introduction of their article that, Although there is huge information about the incidence and consequences of sexually intimate relationships between therapists and clients, there is very little documentation of the extent to which sexual attraction occurs in therapy, especially from the part of the therapist, how such feelings are handled, and what the effects on the therapeutic relationship are. (Giovazolias Davis 281-282).Giovazolias and Davis also publish that, In a survey by Pope _et al._ (1986), it was found that 87% of 575 psychotherapists revealed that they had been attracted to their clients,at least on occasion. In a more recent study, Rodolfa _et al._ (1994) found similarly that 88% of psychologists had been sex ually attracted to at least oneclient. (Giovazolias Davis 282). If this is the case, there is clearly a need for a much stronger ethical readying program for up and coming counselors who wish to make a profession out of this career.However, this should not just be limited to fresh counselors, there should also be a retraining program in shoot for for current counselors so that all ethical boundaries can be refreshed in their mind, and violations can be cut down. The training will not only athletic supporter cut down the violations, that if made mandatory for a pre-determined number of times per year, this issue could be eliminated altogether. Wood, Klein, Cross, Lammers, and Elliot (1985) found that those psychologists who had had an ethics course were more aware of damage or burned-out colleagues, more likely to seek help themselves, to help and impaired colleague, and to report an impaired colleague to a regulatory agency. (Vasquez 238), This article proposes that not only s hould ethical training be a required component of every program in the mental health profession simply also that emphasis should be given to the problem of therapists sexual contact with clients. (Vasquez 238).So what would be some of the items stressed to future counselors? 1. dressing in a professional manner, 2. bear oning counseling sessions only in the traditional professional setting where others are present, 3. furnishing the office in a businesslike manner, avoiding the too unhinged ambience. (Vasquez 240). All of these qualities listed are to help not only the counselor keep a sense of their go for and integrity, but also the integrity of the clients they service within the counseling sessions. These professional qualities are provided in edict to make a safe and comfortable environment for all parties, and to make sure the sessions plosive on track.In the article, _Ethics and the Sexual Countertransference,_ Hugh Gee states, Confidentiality is not there to protect th e unethical acting out of the patient as in the case where the patient is a danger to themselves orothers. (Gee 74). Many clients who first burst out out seeinga counselor will at one time or another think that the counselor is going to tell everyone about their session once it is over. The client, however, does not have to hassle about fears such as these. The ethical code that is in place only allows the counselor to discover information if it is under court found, or the client has threatened to put someones life is at risk. However, what is the insurance for a minor? According to authors Madelyn Isaacs and Carolyn Stone, who wrote _Confidentiality with Minor metal health counselors attitudes towards breaching or preserving confidentiality,_ say, Confidentiality is further complicated when the client is a minor. Societal stressors such as juvenile crime and substance abuse, which threaten the well being of children, have created the need for information sharing among agencies , families, and law enforcement units when the information is necessary to protect children (Taylor Adelman, 1998).Prom, DeMartino, and Prout (1999) explained that professionals departing with the same child routinely share information with each other, which is quite opposite from the representation adult confidentiality rights are handled. (Isaacs Stone, 2001). This, however, can feel like an ethical bourn breach to the client in question that the counselor would have to report on. The only thing a counselor can do in this pose is speak to the client, and let them know that referable to their age, they will not have the same confidentiality as an adult would, however, they should unchanging have pick out trust in you as a counselor so that you can find some way to help them. Also let them know that it is not just your policy, but the overall code of ethics that every counselor adheres to, so they will receive the same intercession at any other practice they choose to mo ve to.There are many different ways that a counselor can cross ethical lines, either by a complete accident, or in some cases, intentionally. However, what do you do as a counselor when you see one of your colleagues first pushing, and thus completely crossing saidboundaries? The ethical principles that guide professionals and the ethical dilemmas that they face have received much attention in recent years. When a professional becomes aware of unethical conduct practiced by a colleague, however, there is little literature to consult on how to respond and intervene. (Levenson, 1986). This article goes on to list the various ways of bringing to your colleagues attention without it escalading to a hostile altercation, and how you can help them deal with it. The steps are as follows Learning of Misconduct, this involves gathering solid evidence in order to substantiate your claims. If it is just hearsay, it is likely that it will just be overlooked and no investigation will go into it. You can gather evidence from fellow colleagues to see how they see the counselor you are looking into. Evidence can also be gathered straight from the source. You can talk to them, and see how they respond, and in some rare cases they might confess right away. Next comes the hindrance for your colleague. Let them know what is happening, if they have not already confessed to it, and how things will be handled in a professional manner from that moment forward. The intervention process can vary from professional to professional.In some cases, they may just be complete without question, or they can be treated, and they can go from there. In any case, it is a long process, but one that should be started as quickly as possible while all of the evidence is still fresh, and can be presented right away. The longer you try to compile evidence, the more people will indispensability to know why you let the unethical behavior continue for as long as you did forrader speaking up. The best poli cy is to just ask as many people as you know about your colleague before you bring light to their behavior.A series of legal cases have sparked canvassable discussion around the question of whether counselors can use their spectral beliefs as the basis for refusing to counsel lesbian,gay, bisexual, and transsexual(prenominal) (LGBT) clients. This discussion hasilluminated tension between counseling professionals and counselor educators who view LGBT relationships as normal and muscular expressions of love and intimacy (see Whitman Bidell, this issue) and some religiously conservative counselors and counselors-in-training who consider same-sex relationships to be immoral. (Herlihy, Hermann Greden, 2014). The act of a counselor using his or her own religious belief so they do not have to work with certain ethnicities, genders, or people who choose a certain sexual orientation that is different from what they consider normal should be basis enough for an ethical violation. Counse lors are people who go into this profession with the intention to try and help people make sense of their lives. By denying them this goes against why they chose to be a counselor in the first place.Regardless of how different someone may be from you, by using your religious belief that you cannot counsel someone shows that you are not able to remain objective in the session. This would have many questioning what other issues you were not able to remain objective about, and it could lead to you being investigated as a counselor. A counselor is supposed to remain neutral in all sessions. They are not there to talk about them, but instead the client, whoever he or she may be, and whatever it is they may do. They decided to come to your place of business, and choose you as a counselor, you should be welcoming new clients, not turning them away due to their dressingground. Men and women who choose to go into therapy are seeking answers and guidance, not judgment.The most important thin g a counselor can do before he or she begins a session with a new client is to try and find out who they are. It is always best to know what kind of person you aredealing with before hand, rather than find out half way down the road they have been manipulating you the whole time, because that is what they are there for. It is also best to know the code if ethics inside and out. Ethics and boundaries crossings can be hard to distinguish and often are understood through opinions. There is a difference between crossing the boundaries and violating the boundaries. Crossing a boundary is a gray area where are violating is black and white. Sometimes crossing boundaries can be defensible however the counselor must take into consideration all possible outcomes. For example, a chemical dependency counselor may have helped a pregnant addict come clean and get her life back on track so that she was able to deliver and keep a healthy baby. Once the babys innate(p) the client may ask the counsel or to come visit her at the hospital to meet the new bundle of joy. At this time it would up to the counselor to decide whether or not crossing this boundary is justified. The counselor must look at all angles including the legal ramifications that could possibly take place.Either way, deep thought and consideration from the counselors end is necessary. (Live Rehab). This website goes on to list several other examples of what a counselor should be careful of doing in their profession, such as bartering. Bartering is an exchange of goods or services in place of payment. Bartering is not prohibited or unethical in the counseling relationship however there could be situations when it may not run as smoothly as anticipated. If a counselor decides to barter for services frequently the proportion of services to counseling can be extremely off. For example, if a counselor is providing services to a workman and the mechanic is having troubles paying for services, he or she may offer to pr ovide car guardianship to the counselor. At first this may seem like a decent deal, especially if the counselors car is due for more than the regular maintenance.Lets take for example, the car needs about $1500 worth of work and the counselor charges $250.00 persession. If the mechanic is attending sessions once per week this would get him about 6 weeks worth of sessions. What about when the 6 weeks are up? An oil change is about $40.00 and thats only needed every few months. At that point the counselor and client could be progressing in their sessions and since their therapeutic relationship is established it would be a take down for the client to be forced to quit counseling for lack of payment. On the other hand however, since it does not go against the ethical standards of thecounseling profession, the counselor and client could look at the situation as a gained benefit and that is that the mechanic received 6 weeks of service that he may not ever had the come up to get. (Liv e Rehab).While bartering may not be covered as unethical, it still raises a lot of red flags as to why a counselor would be giving the sessions away for free. It is best to just stay ethical, and out of all trouble things like this may lead to. If you would like people to take you seriously, then you have to act like a professional who takes pride in their presence and shows nothing but integrity.RESOURCESColeman, E., Schaefer, S. (1986). Boundaries of Sex Intimacy Between Client and Counselor. _Journal Of Counseling Development_, _64_(5), 341.Ethics and Boundaries Ethics and Boundaries What is at stake?. (n.d.). _Live Rehab_. 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